Qhov tseeb ntawm LED teeb
Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, LED yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor uas tawm lub teeb infrared lossis pom lub teeb thaum muab hluav taws xob tam sim no. Daim ntawv thov ntawm LED zaub hauv cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob tau pib xyoo 1968, ib xyoos thaum Hewlett-Packard (HP) tau qhia lub ntiaj teb thawj LED zaub.
Cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm LED yog siv rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob: lawv ua haujlwm raws li cov teeb pom kev thiab lub teeb nres tsheb thiab tseem siv tau rau cov ntawv sau lej - txawm tias txuas mus rau tag nrho - cov ntawv tshaj tawm xim ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab cov paib. Raws li rau infrared LEDs, lawv tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv autofocus koob yees duab thiab TV tej thaj chaw deb tswj thiab kuj ua hauj lwm raws li lub teeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv fiber-optic telecommunication systems.
Ib zaug -ib txwm tam sim no tsis siv lub teeb pom kev zoo tsim lub teeb ntawm incandescence - ib qho tshwm sim uas cov hluav taws xob tam sim no ua rau cov xaim xaim, ua rau nws tawm photons, lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov qij taws tau pib ua haujlwm tawm hauv xyoo 2007 raws li Txoj Cai Kev ywj pheej thiab kev ruaj ntseg. Cov European Union (EU) tau siv tag nrho kev txwv rau lawv txij li xyoo 2012, thiab xyoo 2023, Biden cov thawj coj tau txwv tsis pub tsim thiab muag cov qij taws teeb pom kev zoo.
LEDs, los ntawm qhov sib txawv, ua haujlwm los ntawm electroluminescence: txheej txheem uas hluav taws xob excitation ntawm cov khoom ua rau lub emission ntawm photons. Cov khoom siv feem ntau siv hauv LEDs yog gallium arsenide, txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, xws li aluminium gallium arsenide thiab aluminium gallium indium phosphide. Cov tebchaw no muaj nyob rau "III-V" pawg ntawm semiconductors, txhais tau tias lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus pom nyob rau hauv kab III thiab V ntawm lub sij hawm. Kho qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov semiconductor tuaj yeem hloov kho lub wavelength (thiab yog li xim) ntawm lub teeb nws tawm.LED emission feem ntauntog nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si pom ntawm lub teeb spectrum (piv txwv li, wavelengths li ntawm 0.4 mus rau 0.7 micrometers) los yog ze ntawm -infrared ntau yam (nrog wavelengths ntawm 0.78 thiab 2.5 micrometers). Qhov ci ntsa iab ntawm lub teeb pom los ntawm LED yog nyob ntawm ob yam: lub zog lub
LED emits thiab lub qhov muag tus txheeb ze rhiab heev rau lub emission wavelength. Lub qhov muag qhov siab tshaj plaws tshwm sim ntawm 0.555 micrometers, lub wavelength nyob rau hauv daj -txiv kab ntxwv thiab ntsuab cheeb tsam.Feem ntau LEDsua haujlwm ntawm qhov siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg, nyob ib puag ncig 2.0 volts, thaum lub sijhawm tam sim no txawv raws li daim ntawv thov, xws li los ntawm ob peb milliamperes mus rau ntau pua milliamperes. Lub sij hawm "diode" yog hais txog ob -terminal qauv ntawm lub teeb no - emitting device. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub teeb nyem, ib tug hlau filament txuas mus rau lub roj teeb ntawm ob lub terminals: ib tug (lub anode) nqa ib tug tsis zoo hluav taws xob nqi thiab lwm yam (lub cathode) nqa ib tug zoo nqi.HauvLEDs - zoo li lwm yam khoom siv semiconductor, xws li transistors - "terminals" tiag tiag yog ob yam khoom siv semiconductor nrog cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, koom ua ke los tsim kev sib tshuam. Hauv ib yam khoom (qhov tsis zoo, lossis n- hom, semiconductor), cov khoom thauj yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob; nyob rau hauv lwm yam (qhov zoo, los yog p- hom, semiconductor), tus nqi thauj khoom yog "qhov" - qhov khoob ntawm qhov tsis muaj electrons. Thaum lub chaw hluav taws xob (muab los ntawm lub roj teeb, piv txwv li, thaum lub LED qhib) ua rau ntawm qhov sib txuas, tam sim no tuaj yeem ntws hla p-n kev sib tshuam. Qhov no ntws tsim hluav taws xob excitation uas ua rau cov khoom emit lub teeb.
Nyob rau hauv tus qauv LED qauv,Lub pob tshab epoxy dome plays peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: nws ua raws li cov qauv tsim los tuav cov hlau lead ua ke, ua haujlwm raws li lub lens kom pom lub teeb, thiab ua haujlwm raws li qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kom tso cai ntau lub teeb kom dim ntawm LED nti. Lub nti - feem ntau ntsuas 250 × 250 × 250 micrometers - yog mounted rau hauv ib lub khob tsom iav tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlau lead ncej.
Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb txiav txim siabLED lub emissionxim: p-n- hom GaP: N txheej (galium phosphide nrog ntxiv nitrogen) tsim teeb ntsuab; p-n- hom GaAsP: N txheej (gallium arsenide phosphide nrog ntxiv nitrogen) emit txiv kab ntxwv thiab daj lub teeb, thiab p-hom GaP: Zn, O txheej (gallium phosphide nrog ntxiv zinc thiab oxygen) tsim teeb liab.
Ob qhov kev nce qib loj, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1990s,nthuav dav LED muaj peev xwm: LEDs raws li aluminium gallium indium phosphide, uas tso tawm lub teeb zoo thoob plaws ntsuab rau xim liab -txiv kab ntxwv spectrum, thiab xiav -emitting LEDs ua los ntawm silicon carbide los yog gallium nitride. Blue LEDs tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm cov LEDs los tsim txhua yam xim, suav nrog dawb, ua kom puv - xim txav cov duab.
Txhua lub LED tuaj yeem ua lub teeb ci rau luv luv -ntau fiber ntau- optic kis tau tus mob, txhais tau tias cov uas npog qhov deb tsawg dua 100 meters (330 ko taw). Rau ntev -ntau hom fiber ntau optics, txawm li cas los xij, lub teeb qhov chaw emission zog yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom siv fiber ntau kis tau tus mob - thiab qhov no, infraredLEDs yog qhov haum zoo dua li pom - LEDs. Cov iav fiber ntau tau ntsib lawv qhov kev poob qis tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam infrared, tshwj xeeb ntawm wavelengths ntawm 1.3 thiab 1.55 micrometers. Yuav kom phim cov khoom no, LEDs yog tsim los siv gallium indium arsenide phosphide txheej txheej ntawm indium phosphide substrate. Qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem hloov kho kom ntseeg tauLED emits zog preciselyntawm 1.3 lossis 1.55 micrometers.
Ua ke, peb txhim kho nws.
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