A New Horizon of Light –LED teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev siv
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teeb -Emitting Diodes
Txij li thaum lub advent ntawm lub teeb incandescent nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, teeb pom kev zoo tau hloov lub neej niaj hnub niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, lub teeb ntsuab tau txais kev saib xyuas ntxiv rau kev nrhiav kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov rau lub ntiaj teb. Raws li cov teeb pom kev zoo ploj mus rau qhov tsis siv, lub teeb -emitting diodes (LEDs) tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo, tsim cov hauv kev tshiab rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo.
LEDs yog ib hom khoom siv hluav taws xob- lub xeev teeb pom kev zoo, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li qhov loj me, mercury- ua haujlwm dawb, lub neej ntev, kev ua haujlwm siab luminous, kev poob siab, thiab teb ceev ceev. Cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm LED muaj ib lub nti uas muaj p-hom thiab n- hom semiconductors. Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob rau pem hauv ntej siv rau pn hlws ris, lub zog yog tsim los kov yeej qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau hluav taws xob- qhov sib txuas. Cov txheej txheem recombination no tuaj yeem categorized li radiative lossis tsis yog -radiative. Thaum lub sij hawm no recombination txheej txheem, lub zog tso tawm raws li lub teeb thiab tshav kub, uas yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm LED teeb emission.
Feem ntau cov xim yog synthesized los ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj thawj xim. Peb lub ntsiab xim ntawm lub teeb yog liab (R), ntsuab (G), thiab xiav (B). Kev sib xyaw peb cov xim tseem ceeb tsim lub teeb dawb thiab lwm yam xim. Cov LEDs thaum ntxov muaj kev txwv tsis pub siv vim lawv cov luminous efficiency tsawg thiab tsis muaj xiav LEDs.
Nws tsis yog txog thaum nruab nrab -1990s uas Dr. Shuji Nakamura, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Nichia Chemical Corporation hauv Nyij Pooj, tau tsim thawj lub teeb ci xiav LED los ntawm kev loj hlob indium gallium nitride (InGaN) ntawm sapphire substrate. Lub invention ntawm xiav LED enabled zus tau tej cov dawb LEDs los ntawm cov xim sib tov, ua rau Dr. Nakamura tau txais kev qhuas raws li "Leej Txiv ntawm Blue LEDs." Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov LEDs dawb tau txhawb kev loj hlob sai ntawm LED kev lag luam, ua LEDs yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom sib tw tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam optoelectronics.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2012, Cree, ib lub chaw tsim khoom loj hauv Asmeskas, tshaj tawm tias nws lub siab - lub hwj chim dawb LED tau teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, ua tiav qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 254 lm / W ntawm qhov tsav tam sim no ntawm 350mA. Qhov kev ua haujlwm luminous no dhau ntawm lwm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo tam sim no, ua rau LEDs yog lub cim tshiab ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo nrog lub peev xwm los hloov cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj.
LEDs thiab Human Vision
Teeb pom kev zoo yog nyob ntawm tib neeg kev xav. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tsim cov ntawv thov rau cov teeb pom kev hauv LED, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm tib neeg lub qhov muag thiab nws cov lus teb rau lub teeb. Tib neeg retina yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub cell photoreceptor, uas yog categorized los ntawm cov duab mus rau hauv rods thiab cones. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag, rods thiab cones kis brightness thiab xim, ntsig txog, mus rau lub hlwb los tsim ib tug duab.
Cones thiab Photopic Vision: Cones feem ntau paub cov xim, thiab lawv muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua thaum nruab hnub. Lawv muab faib ua L, M, thiab S cones. L cones feem ntau hnov liab, nrog lub ncov wavelength ntawm kwv yees li 564-580 nm; M cones feem ntau hnov ntsuab, nrog lub ncov wavelength ntawm kwv yees li 534-545 nm; thiab S cones feem ntau hnov xiav, nrog lub ncov wavelength ntawm kwv yees li 420-440 nm.
Vim tias cov hlwb sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb sib txawv, International Commission on Illumination (CIE) tau tsim cov qauv pom kev ua haujlwm nkhaus. Yog tias ib tug neeg yug los tsis muaj L, M, lossis S lub khob hliav qab, lawv raug suav tias yog qhov muag tsis pom kev. Qhov no yog kev sib deev -txoj kev sib txuas caj ces uas muaj ntau dua rau cov txiv neej. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom cov xim tshwj xeeb thiab feem ntau tsis pom kev.
Qws Cells thiab Scotopic Vision: Qws Cell tsuas tau txais lub teeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem pom xim. Lawv pom cov duab dub thiab dawb thiab feem ntau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qis - teeb pom kev zoo, xws li thaum hmo ntuj. Thaum tsis tshua muaj teeb pom kev zoo, tib neeg lub qhov muag cia siab rau feem ntau ntawm cov pas nrig, yog li lo lus "scotopic vision." Nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti, lub qhov muag yog heev rhiab heev rau lub teeb, thiab lub teeb rhiab heev yog ntau dua.
LED Parameters
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau LED cov khoom yog luminous flux. Lub luminous flux tawm los ntawm LED yog qhia hauv lumens (lm). Qhov sib piv ntawm lub teeb ci qhov luminous flux rau lub hwj chim nws noj sawv cev rau nws cov luminous efficiency (lm / W). Lub luminous efficiency ntau dua qhia tau hais tias muaj zog ntau dua - lub teeb pom kev zoo. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb parameter yog xim kub, uas cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv xim uas pom los ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo LED.
Xim kub yog txhais raws li qhov kub ntawm lub cev dub, rhuab mus rau qhov chaw uas nws tawm tib xim raws li lub teeb ci, qhia hauv degrees Kelvin (K). Cov xim sib txawv ua rau pom kev sib txawv. Piv txwv li, thaum cov xim kub qis dua 3,000K, lub teeb xim zoo li xim liab, tsim kom muaj kev sov siab thiab zoo siab; Thaum cov xim kub siab tshaj 5,000K, cov xim zoo li xiav, tsim kom muaj kev xav txias thiab ntsiag to. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim kub ntawm lub teeb ci tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau sab hauv tsev. Piv txwv li, lub teeb incandescent muaj xim kub ntawm 2,700K, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov teeb pom kev zoo sab hauv. Cov xim kub ntawm ib lub teeb ci tseem cuam tshuam rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom illuminated. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo ntawm kev ua lag luam feem ntau tso cov xim kub kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv.
Ntxiv nrog rau xim kub, illuminance kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb specification. Illuminance yog txhais raws li lub luminous flux faib rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm ib tug muab kev ncua deb, qhia nyob rau hauv lux. Tib neeg txoj kev xav pom muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xim kub thiab qhov pom kev. Piv txwv li, ntawm qhov kub tsis tshua muaj xim thiab lub teeb pom kev siab, tib neeg lub cev xav tias khaus; Thaum tsis muaj xim kub thiab tsis tshua muaj teeb pom kev zoo, tib neeg lub cev xav tias sov. Cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm illumination yog LED headlights, tsom teeb, thiab nrhiav teeb.
Luminance (tseem hu ua brightness) yog txhais raws li tus nqi ntawm lub teeb emissions los ntawm ib tug nto lub teeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb kev taw qhia txheeb ze rau nws projected cheeb tsam. Luminance muaj ntau yam kev siv, nrog rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm LED, cov xov tooj ntawm tes, teeb tsheb, thiab lub teeb tsheb.
LED yam ntxwv thiab tsav Circuit Court
Raws li lub teeb ci tshiab, LED tsav tsheb sib txawv ntawm cov ballasts siv hauv cov teeb fluorescent ib txwm muaj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm LED tsav tsheb circuits yog hloov AC voltage mus rau DC voltage thiab ib txhij haum qhov voltage thiab tam sim no ntawm LED. Yog li ntawd, LED teeb feem ntau muaj ob yam: tus tsav tsheb Circuit Court thiab lub teeb ci. Thaum tham txog LED tsav tsheb circuits, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau thawj zaug nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob ntawm LEDs.
Qhov voltage-tam sim no tus yam ntxwv nkhaus ntawm LEDs qhia txog tus cwj pwm tsis zoo. Thaum qhov hluav taws xob hla lub LED tshaj qhov ntawm - lub xeev qhov hluav taws xob, qhov ntawm - lub xeev tam sim no nce ntau heev. Cov yam ntxwv no qhia tau hais tias thaum lub LED qhib, txawm tias qhov hloov pauv me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv qhov tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. LED tam sim no- lub teeb tso zis yam ntxwv nkhaus qhia tau tias LED lub teeb tso zis yog kwv yees li linearly proportional rau tam sim no. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thauj no, cov tsav tsheb LED raug siv feem ntau siv kev tswj xyuas tam sim no kom ntseeg tau tias LED ua haujlwm raug raws li kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
LED Specifications
Kev lag luam LED teeb pom kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau txhim kho sai. Raws li LED teeb pom kev zoo tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam, cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb tau maj mam ua tiav. Energy Star yog tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov kev pab cuam rau lub zog- cov khoom siv tau zoo, suav nrog ntau pawg, suav nrog cov khoom siv loj, khoom siv hauv chaw ua haujlwm, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Kev ntsuam xyuas rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo LED suav nrog kev ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig, ntsuas lub neej, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntsuas, thiab lub teeb faib nkhaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo yog tswj hwm, xws li xim rendering, lub zog muaj zog, xim kub, thiab luminous efficiency. Muab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv LED nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv pov thawj los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm LED teeb pom kev zoo khoom.
Kev siv LED
LED thev naus laus zis tau nce siab sai, thiab nws cov ntawv thov muaj ntau yam. Cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv vaj tse, kev lag luam, thiab kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo, nrog rau cov phab ntsa sconces, hmo ntuj, nyeem ntawv, tsom teeb, lub teeb strips, downlights, thiab ntsuas kub ceev.
LED teeb pom kev zoo kuj tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev kos duab thiab kos duab. Lub teeb -themed creations yog ib tug ntau lub ntsiab nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm technological art. Rau cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm LED txias lub teeb qhov chaw qhib qhov tshiab muaj tswv yim zoo piv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv sau tseg, LED loj hlob teeb yog qhov zoo rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Lawv optimized dag teeb pom kev zoo tsim ib puag ncig zoo thiab tej yam kev mob rau cov nroj tsuag. Lub teeb liab thiab xiav feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo sib xws nrog cov kev ua haujlwm nkhaus uas xav tau rau photosynthesis, ua rau lawv lub teeb pom kev zoo rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob. Yog tias peb tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev siv tshiab ntawm LEDs thiab tsim kom muaj kev ntseeg siab rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv cov khoom lag luam LED, peb ntseeg tias LEDs yuav vam meej hauv kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo!
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub zog poob qis, siab - teeb pom kev zoo yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txuag lub zog. Hauv cov qauv siv hluav taws xob raug siv, teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem suav txog 19% ntawm tag nrho cov hluav taws xob siv. LEDs 'high luminous efficiency ua rau lawv muaj kev cog lus rau lwm qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo, ua rau lawv muaj kev xaiv zoo rau lub zog- teeb pom kev zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntawv thov LED tuaj yeem nthuav dav los ntawm cov ntsiab lus mus rau cov kab thiab txawm tias qhov chaw, ushering hauv kev siv teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev hloov pauv hauv teeb pom kev zoo. Teeb pom kev zoo tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog illuminating peb ib puag ncig; nws tuaj yeem ua ke nrog kev kos duab, kev muaj tswv yim, kev lom zem, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab biotechnology, coj cov kev xav tshiab rau peb lub ntsej muag thiab lub neej txhua hnub.
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