Yog vim li cas feem ntau LED teeb tsis nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo - Thiab yuav ua li cas xaiv lub nti uas kav ntev
Ntawm cov "peb lub hauv paus" ntawm lub teeb ci LED, LED nti yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kom raug dag los ntawm qhov chaw - qib specifications. Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom tsuas yog saib ntawm wattage thiab lumens, tsis quav ntsej qhov sib txawv loj ntawm chips. Qhov tseeb, lub nti txiav txim siab lub teeb xim, purity, ruaj khov, thiab kev ntseeg tau ntev. Xaiv lub nti zoo, thiab koj qhov kev sib tw twb yog ib nrab ntawm txoj kev ua tiav.
1. Lub Ntiaj Teb Microscopic ntawm LED Chip: Me Me Tuag, Loj Complexity
Ib qho yooj yim zoo li LED nti muaj ib qho kev xav tsis thoob hauv cov qauv. Los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, nws feem ntau suav nrog:
- Chip (Tuag)- Lub teeb-emitting core, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor xws li GaN lossis AlGaInP. Lub nti tsim, txheej txheem epitaxy, thiab cov qauv electrode ncaj qha txiav txim siab electro-optical efficiency.
- Phosphor Txheej- Lub nti tso tawm xiav lossis UV teeb, ua rau lub phosphor tsim cov teeb daj, liab, lossis ntsuab, uas sib xyaw rau hauv lub teeb dawb. Cov phosphor muaj pes tsawg leeg, txheej uniformity, thiab tshav kub kuj cuam tshuam rau CRI, xim sib xws, thiab lumen tu.
- Substrate / Leadframe- Nqa cov nti thiab muab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob. Cov hom muaj xws li EMC (thermosetting epoxy) leadframes, PCT leadframes, thiab ceramic substrates. High-power chips feem ntau siv ceramic los yog EMC kom zoo dua thermal kuj thiab kub kam rau ua.
- Encapsulant- Feem ntau silicone los yog epoxy, tiv thaiv cov nti thiab phosphor thaum tsim cov thawj optics (pas, dome, kheej kheej, thiab lwm yam), uas cuam tshuam rau beam kaum sab xis thiab efficiency. Cov chips zoo siv cov pob tshab, muaj hnub nyoog-resistant silicone.
- Thermal Pad- Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub pob chip; nws yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov cua sov los ntawm cov nti mus rau hlau-core PCB. Qhov loj dua thermal ncoo cheeb tsam thiab ntau dua thermal conductivity txhais tau tias qis thermal kuj.
2. Xya qhov tseem ceeb uas koj yuav tsum nkag siab thaum xaiv lub LED nti
2.1 Luminous Efficiency (lm/W)
Qhov kev ua tau zoo dua, qhov ntau lub teeb tsim ib watt ntawm hluav taws xob. Mainstream LED chips ua tiav 120-200 lm / W. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias cov nuj nqis ua tau zoo feem ntau ntsuas ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj tam sim no thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv kev siv lub ntiaj teb tiag tiag, koj tuaj yeem derate lub nti los txhim kho CRI lossis txo cov thermal load, yog li qhov ua tau zoo yuav qis dua.
2.2 Xim Rendering Index (CRI / Ra, thiab R9)
CRI ntsuas qhov tseeb qhov teeb pom kev pom qhov tseeb xim ntawm cov khoom. Ra yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm thawj yim qauv xim qauv.Ra Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 90yog suav tias yog siab CRI, haum rau cov xim-sensitive daim ntaub ntawv. Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau kuj saibR9(liab rendering). High-CRI chips feem ntau xav tau ntau cov phosphor sib xyaw thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qhov ua tau zoo me ntsis, tab sis rau cov haujlwm ua tau zoo, kev lag luam tawm yog qhov tsim nyog.
2.3 Correlated Xim Kub (CCT) thiab SDCM
CCT txiav txim siab qhov sov sov lossis qhov txias ntawm lub teeb - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 2700K (sov) txog 6500K (txias). Tab sis CCT tsis yog ib tus nqi ruaj khov; nws txawv.SDCM (Standard Deviation of Color Matching)qhia tias CCT zoo li cas hla cov chips los ntawm tib pawg. Qhov me SDCM, qhov zoo dua cov xim sib xws. Cov chips zoo tshaj plaws feem ntau lav SDCM Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3 lossis tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 5. Loj SDCM ua rau pom cov xim sib txawv txawm nyob hauv tib lub teeb.
2.4 Thermal Resistance (Rth,℃/ W)
Thermal resistance yog lub hauv paus metric rau lub chip lub tshav kub-dissipation peev xwm. Tsawg thermal kuj txhais tau hais tias cov cua sov tsim nyob rau hauv lub nti yog yooj yim dua mus rau sab nraud. Cov chav nyob yog℃/ W: pes tsawg degrees kub qhov kev sib tshuam yog tshaj li qhov taw tes rau ib watt ntawm lub zog. Piv txwv li, yog tias Rth=5℃/W thiab cov nti dissipates 1W, qhov kev sib tshuam yog 5℃saum toj no cov ntsiab lus solder. Cov chips ua tau zoo siv cov khoom ntim qis (ceramic, thermal ncoo loj) ua tiav Rth tsawg li 2-4℃/ W.
2.5 Luminous Flux thiab Lumen Maintenance (L70)
Lumen depreciation yog qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm lub nti lub neej.L70 lub neejyog tus naj npawb ntawm cov xuab moos tom qab uas luminous flux poob rau 70% ntawm nws cov nqi pib. Nrog rau qhov zoo tam sim no thiab cov cua kub zoo, cov chips zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav L70> 50,000 teev. Qhov ceev ntawm lumen depreciation nyob ntawm nti zoo, ntim cov ntaub ntawv (silicone aging, phosphor degradation), thiab thermal tswj.
2.6 Rated Tam sim no thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no
Txhua LED nti muaj qhov pom zoo ua haujlwm tam sim no (xws li 350mA, 700mA). Tshaj qhov ntsuas tam sim no nce flux luv luv, tab sis kev ua tau zoo plummets, kev sib tshuam kub nce siab, thiab lumen depreciation nrawm dua. Cov chips zoo tuaj nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tam sim no-flux-hluav taws kub qhov nkhaus, tso cai rau cov neeg tsim qauv kom phim tus tsav tsheb thiab heatsink kom raug.
2.7 ESD tiv thaiv voltage
LED chips yog rhiab heev rau electrostatic paug. Chips nrog kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo ESD tuaj yeem raug puas tsuaj (xws li, tuag pixels, degradation ntxov) thaum tsim khoom, xa khoom, lossis sib dhos. Cov chips zoo tshaj plaws qhia ESD qhov kev ntsuas (xws li HBM qauv 2kV lossis siab dua) thiab feem ntau suav nrog Zener diode built-in rau kev tiv thaiv.
3. Ntau hom pob thiab lawv daim ntawv thov
- SMD (Nto-Mounted Device)- Feem ntau, piv txwv li, 2835, 3030, 5050. Tsawg rau nruab nrab lub zog (0.1W–1.5W ib nti). Haum rau sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo, sawb teeb, downlights, vaj huam sib luag teeb.
- COB (Chip-on-Board)- Ntau daim chips mounted ncaj qha rau ntawm ceramic lossis hlau substrate. Uniform lub teeb emission, tsis muaj ntau qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo nyob qhov twg siab CRI thiab kev tswj hwm beam yog xav tau.
- EMC (Epoxy Moulding Compound)- Muab qhov me me ntawm SMD nrog lub zog ntom ntom ze rau COB. Kub-resistant thiab sulfur-resistant. Feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev teeb, high-bay teeb.
- Flip-Chip- Tsis muaj hlau nplaum; lub nti yog ncaj qha soldered rau lub substrate. Tsis tshua muaj thermal tsis kam thiab kev ntseeg siab. Haum rau high-power, high-density daim ntaub ntawv.
4. Hom thiab Counterfeit Traps
Zoo-paub thawj-tier chip hom muaj xws liSeoul Semiconductor, Osram, Nichia, Lumileds, Cree. Los ntawm Taiwan cheeb tsam,Epistaryog dav siv; los ntawm Tuam Tshoj mainland,Sanan Optoelectronics, HC SemiTekkuj tuav ib tug loj mid-market share.
Cov teeb meem tshwm sim nrog cov khoom cuav lossis cov khoom tsis zoo:
- Substandard tuag loj- Ib qho me me tuag tau ntim kom zoo ib yam li qhov loj dua, ua rau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txo qis lumen sai.
- Fake specifications- Thov Ra Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 90 thaum qhov tseeb Ra qis dua 80.
- Tsis zoo encapsulant- Siv cov epoxy zoo tib yam siv silicone; lub lens tig daj nyob rau hauv lub hlis, txo cov teeb pom kev zoo.
- Cov kab hluav taws xob cuav- Siv tooj liab los yog hlau hlau es tsis txhob kub, uas corrode thiab tawg yooj yim.
Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas cov chips zoo: saib, ntsuas, hlawv-hauv. Tshawb xyuas qhov clarity ntawm lub encapsulant thiab qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm leadframe. Siv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke los ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag photometric thiab colorimetric. Ua kom kub kub aging los sib piv lumen depreciation tus nqi.
5. Cov txheej txheem xaiv tswv yim
- Tsev / General coj mus muag sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo- Nyiam SMD 2835 lossis COB. Ra Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 90. Xaiv CCT (3000K/4000K) raws li daim ntawv thov. SDCM Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3. Cov khoom lag luam pom zoo: Osram, Seoul Semiconductor, lossis cov neeg ntim khoom suav saum toj kawg nkaus.
- High-end kev lag luam (galleries, khw muag khaub ncaws, tsev cia puav pheej)- Ra Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 95, thiab R9> 50. COB lossis flip-chip. Thawj qhov kev xaiv: Nichia lossis Lumileds.
- Sab nraum zoov / industrial (txoj kev teeb, high-bays)- Tsom ntsoov rau kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej. Ra Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 80 yog txaus. Sulfur resistance thiab thermal tsis kam yog qhov tseem ceeb. EMC lossis ceramic SMD pob ua haujlwm zoo.
- Ntse teeb pom kev zoo (dim-rau-sov / tunable dawb)- Cov chips yuav tsum tau sib xws nrog ntau yam tam sim no lossis ob xim sib xyaw. Kev sib raug zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb - siv cov khoom lag luam nrog nruj binning los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb hom.
Summary : Chip Yog Vaj Ntsuj Plig
Chip zoo tsis yog ob peb tus lej luam tawm ntawm lub thawv; nws yog lub zog ua ke ntawm kev tuag, phosphor, thermal tsim, thiab txheej txheem ntim khoom. Rau cov tuam txhab luminaire, xaiv txoj cai nti yog kev cog lus rau lub neej thiab lub teeb zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg. Rau cov neeg yuav khoom, kev kawm nyeem cov cim nti thiab cov npe nrov npe yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob muaj nqi qis.
Nco ntsoov: lub nti zoo muab lub teeb zoo, thiab lub teeb zoo ua rau lub neej muaj tseeb thiab xis nyob dua.
