Dab tsi yog Lub Teeb Emitting Diode: Ua Haujlwm & Nws Daim Ntawv Thov
LED yog ib lub teeb ci semiconductor nrog ob lub taub hau. Lub teeb -emitting diode tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1962 los ntawm Nick Holonyak thaum nws ua hauj lwm los ntawm General Electric. LED yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm diode nrog cov khoom hluav taws xob uas piv rau cov PN hlws ris diode. Li no, LED tso cai rau hluav taws xob ntws mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia thaum thaiv nws hauv lwm qhov. Tsawg dua 1 mm2 yog tag nrho cov LED siv. LEDs yog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tej yaam num. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm LED thiab nws cov kev siv yuav raug suav nrog hauv kab lus no.
Lub teeb Emitting Diode: Nws yog dab tsi?
Ib p-n hlws ris diode ua lub teeb -emitting diode. Nws yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm semiconductor thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog doped diode. Lub teeb -emitting diode yog ib yam khoom uas emits lub teeb thaum nws mus rau pem hauv ntej biased.
Ob lub xub me me uas qhia tias lub emission ntawm lub teeb qhia qhov txawv ntawm LED lub cim los ntawm lub cim diode, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li hu ua LED (lub teeb -emitting diode). LED muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: lub cathode ({2}}), thiab anode (+). (-).
LED Symbol LED Symbol Tsim
Kev tsim kho ntawm LED yog ncaj ncaj vim nws yog tsim los ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm peb cov khoom siv semiconductor txheej dhau ib lub substrate. Peb txheej no tau muab tso rau ib sab saum toj ntawm lwm qhov, nrog rau sab saum toj txheej yog P- txheej txheej, nruab nrab txheej yog txheej txheej, thiab txheej hauv qab yog N- txheej txheej. Cov qauv tso cai rau ib tus saib peb thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor. Hauv cov qauv, qhov muaj nyob rau hauv P- hom cheeb tsam, kev xaiv tsa muaj nyob rau hauv N- hom cheeb tsam, thiab ob lub qhov thiab cov hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nquag.
Lub LED ruaj khov vim tias tsis muaj qhov ntws ntawm electrons lossis qhov thaum tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob. Lub LED ua rau pem hauv ntej biased sai li sai tau thaum lub voltage muab, ua rau cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub N- cheeb tsam thiab lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub P- cheeb tsam mus rau hauv lub active cheeb tsam. Lub cheeb tsam depletion yog lwm lub npe rau thaj chaw no. Lub teeb tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov nqi polarity txij li cov khoom thauj khoom, xws li lub qhov, muaj cov nqi zoo thaum cov hluav taws xob muaj qhov tsis zoo.
Dab tsi yog Txheej Txheem ntawm Lub Teeb Emitting Diode?
Peb feem ntau xa mus rau lub teeb -emitting diode ua lub diode. Cov electrons thiab qhov yog ntws sai heev hla txoj kev sib tshuam thaum lub diode yog pem hauv ntej biased, thiab lawv txuas ntxiv ua ke thiab tsav ib leeg tawm ntawm txoj kev. Nws txuas nrog lub qhov ib yam li cov hluav taws xob hloov ntawm n-hom rau p- hom silicon, ces ploj mus.
Oleg Losev, ib tug neeg tsim khoom Lavxias teb sab, tsim thawj LED hauv xyoo 1927 thiab luam tawm ib feem ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb theoretical underpinnings.
Xib fwb Kurt Lechovec tau sim Losers hypotheses nyob rau hauv 1952 thiab muab ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm thawj LEDs.
Thawj LED ntsuab tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1958 los ntawm Rubin Braunstein thiab Egon Loebner.
Nicholas Holonyak tsim lub LED liab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1962. Yog li, thawj LED yog tsim.
Thawj lub khoos phis tawj siv LEDs ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm yog IBM qauv los ntawm 1964.
Hewlett Packard (HP) tau qhia LEDs rau hauv lub tshuab xam zauv hauv xyoo 1968.
Lub teeb xiav LED tau tsim los ntawm Jacques Pankove thiab Edward Miller hauv xyoo 1971.
Hluav taws xob engineer M. George Crawford tau tsim lub teeb daj LED nyob rau xyoo 1972.
Lub teeb xiav LED nrog magnesium thiab yav tom ntej qauv tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1986 los ntawm Walden C. Rhines thiab Herbert Maruska los ntawm University of Stafford.
Hiroshi Amano thiab Physicist Isamu Akaski tsim Gallium Nitride nrog xiav LEDs zoo heev hauv xyoo 1993.
Shuji Nakamura, tus kws tshaj lij hluav taws xob, tsim thawj lub teeb xiav LED nrog lub teeb ci siab los ntawm Amanos & Akaski kev nce qib, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov xim dawb LEDs.
Cov xim dawb LEDs raug nqi ntawm £ 80 thiab £ 100 ib lub teeb tau siv rau lub hom phiaj nyob hauv xyoo 2002.
LED teeb tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau hauv cov tuam txhab, tsev kho mob, thiab tsev kawm ntawv hauv xyoo 2008.
Lub teeb ci tseem ceeb hauv xyoo 2019 yog LEDs; Qhov no yog qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws vim tias tam sim no LEDs tuaj yeem siv los teeb pom ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, tsev kho mob, thiab tsev kawm ntawv.
Biasing Lub Teeb Emitting Diode Circuit Court
Feem ntau ntawm LEDs muaj qhov tshwj xeeb voltage ntawm 1 thiab 3 volts, qhov kev ntsuas tam sim no poob ntawm 200 thiab 100 mA.
Ib qho LED's bias
LED ua haujlwm kom raug yog tias qhov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm 1 thiab 3 volts raug siv rau nws vim tias qhov tam sim no ntws qhia tias qhov hluav taws xob nyob hauv qhov ua haujlwm. Zoo ib yam li qhov no, yog tias LED muaj qhov hluav taws xob muab rau nws siab dua nws qhov kev khiav hauj lwm voltage, qhov siab tam sim no ntws yuav ua rau thaj tsam depletion ua tsis tiav. Qhov tsis tau pom dua siab tam sim no yuav rhuav tshem lub gadget.
Los ntawm kev txuas lub resistor nyob rau hauv series nrog rau qhov voltage thiab ib tug LED, qhov no yuav tiv thaiv tau. Kev nyab xeeb theem tam sim no rau LEDs muaj li ntawm 200 mA txog 100 mA, thaum muaj kev nyab xeeb qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob rau LEDs muaj li ntawm 1V txog 3V.
Ntawm no, tus resistor uas yog positioned nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub voltage qhov chaw thiab LED yog hu ua tam sim no limiting resistor vim qhov no resistor tswj cov ntws ntawm tam sim no txwv tsis pub lub LED yuav tua nws. Yog li, qhov resistor no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv LED.
Qhov sib npaug rau kev ua lej ntawm qhov tam sim no ntawm LED yog
YOG=Vs – VD/Rs
Qhov twg,
"IF" tam sim no yog pem hauv ntej
Voltage qhov chaw 'Vs'
Qhov hluav taws xob poob hla lub teeb -emitting diode yog txhais los ntawm "VD."
Rs yog ib qho resistor uas txwv cov dej ntws tam sim no.
qhov voltage poob yuav tsum tau tawg los ntawm lub depletion cheeb tsam lub barrier. Thaum Si los yog Ge diode voltage poob yog 0.3 V los yog tsawg dua, LED voltage poob yuav nyob nruab nrab ntawm 2 thiab 3 V.
Hauv kev sib piv rau Si lossis Ge diodes, LED yuav ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab.
Piv rau silicon lossis germanium diodes, lub teeb -emitting diodes xav tau lub zog ntau dua los ua haujlwm.
Lub teeb -emitting diode hom
Lub teeb -emitting diodes tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom, ib co ntawm cov npe hauv qab no.
Infra- liab Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) thiab liab rau infra- liab, txiv kab ntxwv Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP)
High- brightness liab, txiv kab ntxwv-liab, txiv kab ntxwv, thiab daj LEDs ua los ntawm txhuas gallium arsenide phosphorus (AlGaAsP)
Liab, daj, thiab ntsuab gallium phosphate (GaP)
Ntsuab yog xim ntawm Aluminium Gallium Phosphide (AlGaP), emerald ntsuab yog xim ntawm Gallium Nitride (GaN), thiab xiav yog xim ntawm Gallium Indium Nitride (GaInN).
Raws li lub substrate, silicon carbide (SiC) hauv xim xiav
Blue Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) thiab ultraviolet Aluminium Gallium Nitride (AlGaN)
LED Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Txoj kev xav quantum ua lub hauv paus rau lub teeb -emitting diode txoj haujlwm. Raws li quantum txoj kev xav, photon tso tawm lub zog thaum lub electron nqis los ntawm qhov siab dua mus rau lub zog qis dua. Lub zog sib txawv ntawm ob lub zog no yog sib npaug ntawm lub zog ntawm photon. Thaum lub xeev tsis ncaj ncees rau pem hauv ntej ntawm PN-hluav taws xob diode mus txog, tam sim no dhau los ntawm diode.
LED Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Qhov ntws ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov tam sim no thiab qhov ntws ntawm electrons nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tam sim no yog dab tsi ua rau lub tam sim no ntws nyob rau hauv semiconductors. Yog li, recombination yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav ntawm cov cab kuj.
Lub conduction band electrons dhia mus rau lub valence band, raws li qhov recombination. Lub zog electromagnetic raug tso tawm los ntawm electrons ua photons thaum lawv txav los ntawm ib pawg mus rau lwm pawg, thiab lub zog photon sib npaug rau qhov txwv tsis pub muaj zog.
Xav txog quantum txoj kev xav ua piv txwv. Raws li qhov kev xav no, lub zog ntawm photon sib npaug ntawm nws cov zaus thiab Planck tas li. Cov qauv lej raug tso tawm.
Eq=hf
qhov twg yog hu ua Planck tas li, thiab qhov ceev ntawm electromagnetic hluav taws xob, denoted los ntawm lub cim c, yog sib npaug rau qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Raws li af= c /, kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov zaus ntawm hluav taws xob thiab qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb. Qhov sib npaug ua ntej yuav ua rau lub wavelength ntawm electromagnetic tawg qhov twg
Eq=he / λ
Lub wavelength ntawm electromagnetic radiation yog inversely proportional rau qhov txwv tsis pub, raws li qhov sib npaug saum toj no. Feem ntau, cov mob thiab valence bands ntawm silicon thiab germanium semiconductors yog xws li hais tias tag nrho cov hluav taws xob electromagnetic tsis thaum recombination yuav siv sij hawm lub infrared tawg. Lub wavelengths ntawm infrared tsis pom rau peb vim tias lawv nyob sab nraum qhov pom lub teeb.
Vim hais tias silicon thiab germanium semiconductors yog indirect gap semiconductors es tsis yog ncaj qha gap semiconductors, infrared radiation feem ntau hu ua cua sov. Lub zog siab tshaj plaws ntawm valence band thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog ntawm cov conduction band tsis muaj, txawm li cas los xij, muaj nyob thaum cov hluav taws xob muaj nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ncaj qha semiconductors. Yog li ntawd, lub zog ntawm electron band yuav sib txawv thaum lub sij hawm recombination ntawm electrons thiab qhov los yog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm electrons los ntawm conduction band mus rau valence band.
Lub teeb ci LEDs
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov LEDs. Nyob rau hauv thawj txoj kev, liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav LED chips yog ua ke nyob rau hauv ib lub pob los tsim lub teeb dawb, whereas phosphorescence yog siv nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Lub epoxy nyob ib puag ncig phosphor's fluorescence tuaj yeem suav tau, thiab InGaN LED ntaus ntawv yuav ua kom lub LED siv luv luv - wavelength hluav taws xob.
Txhawm rau tsim ntau yam xim xim, hu ua thawj xim xim, cov xim sib txawv, xws li xiav, ntsuab, thiab teeb liab, tau muab sib xyaw ua ke sib txawv. Lub teeb dawb yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb lub teeb ci.
Txawm li cas los xij, kom ua tiav qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke no siv kev sib xyaw ntawm ntsuab, xiav, thiab liab LEDs, yuav tsum muaj kev sib tw electro- kho qhov muag architecture rau kev tswj kev sib xyaw ua ke & diffusion ntawm ntau yam xim. Ntxiv mus, txoj kev no yuav nyuaj vim qhov txawv ntawm LED xim.
Ib qho LED nti nrog phosphor txheej powers feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv dawb LED. Thaum cov txheej no raug rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob es tsis txhob xiav photons, lub teeb dawb yog tsim. Tib txoj kev xav kuj tseem siv tau rau cov teeb fluorescent; hluav taws xob tawm hauv lub raj yuav tawm UV, uas yuav ua rau phosphor ntsais dawb.
Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem ntawm LED no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam xim, qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam. Siv plaub qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm chromaticity uas nyob ze rau CIE daim duab qhov chaw, cov LED dawb-raws li cov khoom siv tau raug tshuaj xyuas.
Tag nrho cov xim muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov nkhaus horseshoe yog qhia hauv daim duab CIE. Lub arc lub ntsej muag huv si tau nthuav tawm, tab sis lub ntsiab lus dawb nyob hauv nruab nrab. Plaub lub ntsiab lus uas tau pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm daim duab tuaj yeem siv los sawv cev rau cov xim dawb LED tso zis. Plaub daim duab ua haujlwm yog ze li dawb huv, tab sis cov LEDs no feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm nrog rau cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo kom pom cov xim lo ntsiab muag.
Cov LEDs no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xim dawb, txwv tsis pub cov lo ntsiab muag pob tshab nrog opaque backlight. Dawb LEDs yuav tsis xav paub ntau dua los ua qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo thiab qhov taw qhia ntev npaum li qhov thev naus laus zis no tseem txhim kho.
Brilliant Efficiency
Qhov tsim cov luminous flux rau txhua chav ntawm LEDs yog ntsuas hauv lm, thaum lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntsuas hauv W. Liab LEDs muaj 155 lm / W, amber LEDs muaj 500 lm / W, thiab xiav LEDs muaj qhov ntsuas sab hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm 75 lm / W. Cov kev poob tuaj yeem raug txiav txim siab vim yog sab hauv re-absorption; Lub luminous efficiency rau ntsuab thiab amber LEDs yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 20 thiab 25 lm / W. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua tau zoo, tseem hu ua kev ua tau zoo sab nraud, yog piv rau qhov kev xav ntawm kev ua tau zoo feem ntau siv rau lwm hom teeb pom kev zoo, xws li ntau xim LEDs.
Diode Lub teeb Source hauv ntau xim
Multicolor LEDs yog lub teeb -emitting diodes uas, thaum txuas nrog rau pem hauv ntej kev tsis ncaj ncees, tsim ib lub xim thiab, thaum txuas nrog rov qab tsis ncaj ncees lawm, tsim lwm xim.
Cov LEDs no yeej muaj ob PN - junctions, thiab nws muaj peev xwm mus txuas rau lawv nyob rau hauv parallel los ntawm kev txuas lub cathode ntawm ib tug mus rau lub anode ntawm lwm tus.
Thaum tsis ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, multicolor LEDs feem ntau yog liab, thiab thaum biased nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia, lawv yog ntsuab. Qhov LED no yuav tsim cov xim thib peb yog tias nws tau qhib sai heev ntawm ob lub polarities. Tau hloov pauv sai ntawm qhov sib txawv polarities, lub teeb ntsuab lossis liab LED yuav ua rau lub teeb daj xim.
Dab tsi yog ob qhov kev teeb tsa sib txawv rau LEDs?
Ob qhov zoo sib xws emitters thiab COBs yog qhov yooj yim LED teeb.
Lub emitter yog ib qho tuag uas txuas nrog lub dab dej kub ua ntej muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm. Lub rooj tsav xwm Circuit Court no rub cov cua sov tawm ntawm lub emitter thaum ib txhij muab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Cov neeg tshawb nrhiav pom tias LED substrate tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab qhov tuag ib leeg tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm, pab txo cov nqi thiab txhim kho lub teeb sib xws. Li no, tus qauv tsim no hu ua COB (chip- ntawm - pawg thawj coj saib).
Cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm LEDs
Cov hauv qab no yog qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub teeb -emitting diodes.
LEDs yog me me thiab muaj tus nqi qis dua.
Hluav taws xob yog tswj los ntawm kev siv LEDs.
Nrog kev pab ntawm microprocessor, LED qhov kev siv zog tuaj yeem sib txawv.
ntev
muaj txiaj ntsig hais txog lub zog
Tsis muaj pre{0}}game warmup
Rugged
tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm frigid kub
Great Directional Xim Rendering
Tswj tau thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig
Hauv qab no yog qee qhov tsis zoo ntawm LED thev naus laus zis.
Nqe
rhiab heev rau qhov kub thiab txias
kub rhiab heev
Hluav taws xob polarity thiab teeb pom kev zoo
Hluav taws xob rhiab heev
Efficiency poob
Qhov tshwm sim rau kab
Siv rau lub teeb -emitting diodes
Muaj ntau yam siv rau LED, qee qhov tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Hauv tsev neeg thiab kev lag luam, LEDs yog siv los ua qhov muag teev.
Lub teeb -emitting diodes yog siv nyob rau hauv tsheb thiab maus taus.
Cov lus tso tawm kom pom siv cov no hauv cov xov tooj ntawm tes.
LEDs yog siv nyob rau hauv cov teeb liab teeb liab.
Yog li ntawd, tsab xov xwm no muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub teeb -emitting diode circuits. Kuv vam tias koj tau kawm qee qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub teeb -emitting diode los ntawm kev nyeem cov kab lus no.
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