Dab tsi ua rau ib qhoLEDtig xiav?
Cov teeb pom kev zoo niaj hnub no, cov lus qhia, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau hloov pauv tag nrho los ntawm Lub Teeb -Emitting Diodes (LEDs), uas muab kev siv hluav taws xob, kev ua neej ntev, thiab ntau yam uas cov teeb pom kev zoo lossis cov teeb pom kev zoo tsis tuaj yeem sib xws. Lub teeb xiav tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho xim ntau tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm LEDs, thiab nws muaj zog txhua yam los ntawm LED teeb taub hau mus rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus smartphone mus rau cov khoom siv kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, dab tsi tshwj xeeb ua rau lub teeb xiav uas LED tawm? Cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw tsim khoom, kev txiav txim siab kev txiav txim siab, thiab cov physics ntawm LED ua haujlwm txhua tus tuav tus yuam sij rau kev daws teeb meem. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab qhov tshwm sim no, peb yuav tsum xub txiav txim siab lub teeb - tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm LEDs thiab tom qab ntawd saib cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv cov zis tawm mus rau qhov xiav ntawm cov hluav taws xob electromagnetic spectrum.
Hauv paus, LEDs yog cov khoom siv semiconductor uas siv cov txheej txheem hu ua electroluminescence los tsim lub teeb. LEDs tsim lub teeb thaum electrons thiab "qhov" (cov cab kuj zoo) rov ua dua hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor, uas tsis yog qhov muag teeb, uas tsim lub teeb los ntawm cua sov filament - cov txheej txheem khib nyiab uas poob feem ntau ntawm lub zog raws li cov cua sov. Qhov no yog qhov nws ua haujlwm li cas: Cov hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov tsis zoo "n-type" semiconductor hla kev sib tshuam mus rau qhov zoo "p-type" semiconductor thaum muaj hluav taws xob tam sim no muab rau LED. Cov electrons no tso tawm lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons, los yog hais txog lub teeb, raws li lawv tawm tsam thiab sau lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub p- yam khoom. Lub semiconductor lub band sib txawv zog txiav txim lub xim ntawm lub teeb no; qhov sib txawv band ntau dua (lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub semiconductor's valence band, uas muaj cov qhov, thiab conduction band, uas muaj electrons), qhov luv luv wavelength ntawm lub teeb uas tso tawm. LEDs uas tsim lub teeb xiav xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv vim tias lub teeb xiav muaj qhov luv luv wavelength (450-495 nanometers). Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam qhov emission ntawm lub teeb xiav yog cov khoom siv no.
Kev tsim cov semiconductors raws li gallium nitride (GaN) thiab lwm yam alloys, suav nrog indium gallium nitride (InGaN), yog qhov kev nce qib loj hauv xiav LED thev naus laus zis, uas tau lees paub nrog 2014 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics. Vim tias cov khoom siv semiconductor ib txwm (xws li gallium arsenide, uas yog siv rau cov xim liab thiab ntsuab LEDs) muaj qhov sib txawv me me dhau los ua kom luv luv - wavelength xiav lub teeb, cov kws tshawb fawb tau teeb meem kev txhim kho zoo.xiav LEDsua ntej xyoo 1990. Ntawm qhov tod tes, GaN muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kwv yees li 3.4 electron volts (eV), uas yog raws nraim lub zog xav tau los tawm lub teeb ultraviolet (UV). Cov kws kho tsheb tuaj yeem txo qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke me me ntawm indium rau hauv GaN los tsim InGaN. Qhov no hloov lub teeb tso zis los ntawm ultraviolet mus rau xiav los ntawm kev txo qis qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog. Piv txwv li, lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 450 nm yog tawm los ntawm InGaN semiconductor nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm kwv yees li 2.7 eV, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev ci ntsa iab xiav. Vim tias InGaN tuaj yeem raug alloyed los kho qhov sib txawv band, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv rau xiav LEDs. Blue LEDs (thiab cov LEDs dawb uas nyob ntawm lawv) yuav ua tsis tau yog tsis muaj GaN{10}}raws li semiconductors.
LED's quantum zoo qauv yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom uas tso cai rau tsim lub teeb xiav. Ib txheej nyias ntawm semiconductor (feem ntau InGaN) nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob txheej tuab ntawm lwm cov semiconductor (feem ntau GaN nws tus kheej) yog hu ua quantum zoo. Cov hluav taws xob thiab qhov nyob hauv txheej InGaN raug txwv, lossis "raug", hauv txoj hauv kev uas hloov lawv cov qib zog vim tias txheej nyias nyias - feem ntau tsuas yog ob peb nanometers tuab. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm LED yog nce los ntawm qhov kev txwv no, uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim uas cov electrons thiab qhov yuav rov ua dua thiab tsim cov photons. Lub thickness thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm quantum zoo yog ua tib zoo tswj rau xiav LEDs; lub qhov dej nqaim los yog qhov loj dua indium concentration tuaj yeem ua tau zoo - kho qhov emission wavelength mus rau qhov xav tau ntau yam xiav. Piv txwv li, lub teeb yuav hloov mus rau 470 nm los ntawm 3-nanometer- tuab InGaN quantum zoo nrog 20% indium cov ntsiab lus thiab 460 nm los ntawm 5-nanometre zoo nrog 15% indium. Blue LEDs muaj qhov ci txaus rau kev siv, xws li high-power LED dej nyab teeb thiab taw qhia lub teeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ua tsaug rau quantum wells 'muaj peev xwm txo qis tsis-radiative recombination, uas yog qhov poob ntawm lub zog li cua sov ntau dua li lub teeb.
Lub teeb xiav kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm LEDs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov LEDs dawb, txawm tias ntau LEDs tau tsim tshwj xeeb los tsim nws. Feem ntau ntawm cov LEDs dawb siv cov txheej txheem "phosphor hloov dua siab tshiab", uas lub teeb xiav LED yog coated nrog cov khoom siv phosphor daj (feem ntau cerium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, los yog YAG: Ce), vim lub teeb dawb tsis tuaj yeem tsim ncaj qha los ntawm ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob (vim nws yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm wavelengths thoob plaws qhov pom). Ib feem ntawm lub teeb xiav los ntawm LED yog absorbed thiab rov ua dua li lub teeb daj thaum nws ntaus cov phosphor. Rau tib neeg pom, lub teeb xiav ntxiv tshwm li lub teeb dawb vim nws sib xyaw nrog lub teeb daj. Tsis yog txhua lub teeb xiav hloov pauv, txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov phosphor txheej tsis sib xws, nyias nyias, lossis tsis zoo. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau "txias dawb" lossis "xiav-tinted" ci, uas yog qhov pheej yigLED qhov muag teevlos yog qub fixtures nrog phosphor uas tau deteriorated raws sij hawm. Vim tias lub teeb xiav cuam tshuam rau tiam melatonin, lub teeb xiav ntau dhau los ntawm cov LEDs dawb tuaj yeem ua rau qee lub qhov muag tsis pom lossis cuam tshuam nrog circadian rhythms. Qhov no qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim phosphor tsim nyog. Lub teeb xiav tsis xav tau no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tsis zoo ntawm phosphor es tsis yog qhov tsis xws ntawm LED qhov kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.
Txawm hais tias lawv tsis "ua" LED los tsim lub teeb xiav nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam li cas khaus lossis yuav ua li cas lub LED zoo li emit xiav lub teeb. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem nthuav dav heev thaum LEDs cua sov (ib qho teeb meem tshwm sim hauv siab -cov ntawv siv hluav taws xob), txav lub emission wavelength mus rau qhov kawg liab ntawm lub spectrum. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub cuam tshuam li cas LED kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov me ntsis hauv wavelength rauxiav LEDslos ntawm 450 nm mus rau 455 nm, uas yog NW nyuam qhuav perceptible rau qhov muag liab qab tab sis quantifiable nrog instruments. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qee qhov kev ua tau zoo - LEDs (xws li cov pom hauv cov projectors) muaj cov tshuab cua txias txij li thaum lawv khiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab tso zis ntawm lub teeb xiav. Qhov ceev tam sim no yog lwm qhov kev xav. Thaum lub teeb xiav LED qhov ci tuaj yeem nce ntxiv los ntawm kev nce nws cov hluav taws xob tam sim no, qhov tam sim no ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau "kev ua haujlwm poob qis," lossis txo qis hauv lub teeb tso tawm ib chav ntawm tam sim no. Ntau dhau tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav tuaj yeem ua mob rau cov qauv ntawm quantum zoo, uas ua rau tag nrho tsis ua haujlwm lossis hloov xim mus tas li uas suav nrog kev txhim kho emission ntawm xiav lub teeb. Txawm hais tias cov xwm txheej sab nraud tuaj yeem hloov kho LED qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm, lawv tsis hloov lub LED lub peev xwm los tsim lub teeb xiav.
Hauv kev xaus, peb lub ntsiab ua rau lub teeb xiav emissions los ntawm LEDs yog cov khoom siv semiconductor lub zog sib txawv, kev siv GaN-raws li alloys (xws li InGaN) uas tso cai luv luv - wavelength teeb, thiab quantum zoo qauv uas txhim kho efficiency thiab kho cov emission wavelength. Thaum lub teeb xiav tsis xav tau (raws li hauv qee cov LEDs dawb) tshwm sim los ntawm phosphor-cov teeb meem cuam tshuam, txhob txwm tsim xiav LEDs siv cov qauv zoo sib xws los muab lub teeb xiav ci ntsa iab zoo rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias lawv tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm, ib puag ncig xws li kub thiab tam sim no tsis hloov lub hauv paus txheej txheem ntawm lub teeb xiav emission. Paub cov laj thawj no tsis tsuas yog qhia meej txog qhov muaj nyobxiav LEDstab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam txog kev txhim kho engineering uas tau ua rau lawv, kev nce qib uas tseem txhawb nqa teeb pom kev zoo, cov lus qhia, thiab lub zog txuas ntxiv mus rau tom ntej. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom nrhiav rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshiab (xws li aluminium gallium nitride rau tob xiav lossis UV teeb) thiab tsim kom muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawmxiav LEDsraws li LED technology nce qib. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntawv thov tshiab hauv kev kho mob, ua kom huv dej, thiab tom ntej no - cov ntawv qhia.
FAQs
Q1. Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv no li cas?
A1: Nyob zoo, yooj yim rau qhov no.muab koj qhov chaw nyob thiab qhia kuv yam khoom koj xav tau, peb yuav npaj xa tuaj rau koj los ntawm DHL lossis FedEx.
Q2: Ua li cas txog koj qhov zoo?
A2: Tag nrho cov khoom siv raw nrog cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas kom meej siab luminous thiab txaus brightness.
Q3: Yuav ua li cas txog Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm?
A3: Qauv xav tau 3-5 hnub, lub sijhawm ntau lawm xav tau 25-40 hnub tom qab tau txais qhov tso nyiaj
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