Kev tsim kho ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob lithium roj teeb rov ua dua tshiab tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm tseem ceeb, tus nqi siab thiab kev lag luam tsis muaj zog tau dhau los ua qhov mob hauv kev lag luam.
Thaum lub zog tshiab lub tsheb kev lag luam yog kev vam meej thiab tsim, qhov teeb meem ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb rov ua dua tshiab kuj tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub sij hawm loj scrapping ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb yog nce. Yog tias muaj ntau lub roj teeb so haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem rov siv dua thiab siv tau zoo, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog ua rau cov khoom siv pov tseg, tab sis kuj ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Kev lag luam mob cov ntsiab lus: tus nqi siab, kev lag luam tsis muaj zog
Lub sijhawm so haujlwm rau lub zog tshiab cov neeg caij tsheb feem ntau yog 5 xyoos, thiab rau cov neeg caij tsheb thiab cov tsheb ua lag luam yog 3 xyoos. Ua ntej xyoo 2022, cov roj teeb so haujlwm yuav tau tswj hwm los ntawm lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb. Tom qab xyoo 2022, cov roj teeb ternary so haujlwm yuav zoo ib yam li lithium hlau phosphate, thiab yuav maj mam dhau lawv. Lub theoretical decommissioning peev xwm ntawm lub hwj chim roj teeb nyob rau hauv 2018 yuav tsum yog 5.14GWh, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm decommissioning yog cov tshiab zog tsheb npav.
Tus neeg sau xov xwm tau kawm tias cov tuam txhab uas tau xa mus rau cov lag luam cuam tshuam feem ntau yog faib ua tsib pawg: cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab, cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab, cov chaw tsim khoom roj teeb, cov tuam txhab cov khoom siv roj teeb thiab cov tuam txhab tsheb.
Ntau hom kev lag luam muaj ntau qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam ib txwm muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis, roj teeb crushing thev naus laus zis thiab smelting thev naus laus zis, tab sis vim lawv tus kheej tsis muaj cov khoom siv roj teeb, lawv tseem yuav tsum koom tes nrog OEMs thiab cov nroj tsuag khib nyiab. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov roj teeb crushing thiab dismantling technologies.
Tam sim no, txoj kev kho cov roj teeb pov tseg feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuab pyrometallurgy thiab hydrometallurgy technology. Wang Haibei, tus thawj coj ntawm Metallurgical Research thiab Tsim Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Beijing Mining thiab Metallurgy Technology Group Co., Ltd., tau hais tias cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm yog qhov nyuaj thiab nyuaj.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Tsoom fwv cov tuam txhab koom nrog pab pawg los nrhiav kev ua tiav
Nyob rau hauv teb rau cov teeb meem saum toj no, cov koom haum hauv lub xeev tau tshaj tawm ntau txoj cai kev lag luam los coj thiab tswj kev lag luam roj teeb hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, tom qab lub roj teeb so haujlwm tau dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas, qhov kev sib txuas siv cascade tuaj yeem ua tau los pab lub zog cia lub zog txhim kho kev lag luam tag nrho thiab ua kom lub neej voj voog ntawm lithium roj teeb. Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab tau ua cov haujlwm ua qauv qhia ntawm kev siv cascade.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Hauv - sib sib zog nqus kev koom tes los txhuam cov saw hlau
Nws tau nkag siab tias lub zog siv roj teeb siv hluav taws xob muaj feem xyuam nrog ntau tus neeg koom nrog xws li cov tuam txhab tsheb, cov tuam txhab roj teeb, cov tuam txhab siv roj teeb, thiab lwm yam. Cov saw hlau ntev ntev, thiab tseem muaj ntau yam teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tiag tiag.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Nws tau tshaj tawm tias ntau lub tuam txhab tau xa cov roj teeb hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab hauv dej hiav txwv xiav no:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2018, Tuam Tshoj Ntauwd Corporation thiab 16 lub tuam txhab suav nrog Sound Group tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus koom tes nrog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub zog tsheb fais fab. Tuam Tshoj Ntauwd Lub Tuam Txhab yuav siv lub roj teeb hluav taws xob so tawm ntawm lub tsheb npav hluav taws xob ntshiab, tom qab kev sim, txheeb xyuas thiab rov tsim kho, hloov cov hmoov lead-acid roj teeb rau kev sib txuas lus hauv paus chaw nres tsheb lub zog thaub qab.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
