Kev seev cev tsis yooj yim: Dissecting kev sib txuas ntawm Xim Rendering Index thiab Correlated Xim Kub
Abstraction
Ob qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab thaij duab -Kev Sib Txuas Xim Kub (CCT) thiab Xim Rendering Index (R ib lossis CRI)- tau siv ntau zuj zus los cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov teeb pom kev zoo. Txawm hais tias lawv feem ntau sib tham txog nws tus kheej, muaj qhov nyuaj thiab feem ntau pom kev sib txuas ntawm lawv: ntawm qis CCTs, nws nyuaj dua kom ua tiav CRI siab. Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis thiab lub cev ntawm qhov kev sib raug zoo no raug tshuaj xyuas hauv tsab ntawv no. Nws piav qhia txog yuav ua li cas phosphor - hloov pauv LED thev naus laus zis cov kev txwv, lub hauv paus ntawm lub cev hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thiab cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm CRI kev suav txheej txheem tuaj ua ke los ua ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv engineering rau kev tsim kom sov, siab - teeb pom kev zoo.
Txheej txheem cej luam
Teebyog raug soj ntsuam nruj raws li nws qhov zoo es tsis yog nws qhov ntau npaum li cas (lumens) hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo tsim thiab thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo no yog ob qhov kev ntsuas: Xim Rendering Index (CRI) thiab Correlated Color Temperature (CCT). Raws li kev ntsuas ntawm optical warmth los yog txias ntawm lub teeb, CCT yog qhia nyob rau hauv Kelvins (K), qhov twg cov nqi qis (xws li 2700K) tshwm "sov dawb" thiab ntau dua qhov tseem ceeb (xws li 5000K) tshwm "txias dawb." Hauv qhov sib piv, Xim Rendering Index (CRI) ntsuas qhov zoo npaum li cas lub teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem piav qhia txog cov khoom xim tiag tiag hauv kev sib piv rau qhov kev siv uas zoo tagnrho lossis ntuj. Cov xim zoo meej yog sawv cev los ntawm CRI ntawm 100.
Tsim cov khoom qis -CCT teeb pom kev zoo nrog ntausiab CRI(feem ntau saum toj 95) yog ib qho kev sib tw, tab sis tsis yog insurmountable, kev sib tw hauv kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshawb txog qhov ua rau qhov tshwm sim no los ntawm kev saib seb lub hauv paus ntawm peb cov xim pom kev metrics, chemistry ntawm phosphors, thiab physics ntawm lub teeb sib cuam tshuam.
1. Fundamental Physics: CCT thiab Blackbody Radiator
Tus qauv theoretical ntawm lub cev dub radiator yog inextricably khi rau lub tswv yim ntawm CCT. Ib tug blackbody glows thaum rhuab, tso ib tug tas li spectrum ntawm lub teeb uas txawv nrog kub nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev kwv yees. Cov emissions feem ntau yog tsom mus rau qhov ntev - wavelength, liab thiab txiv kab ntxwv feem ntawm qhov pom spectrum ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (kwv yees li 2000K-3000K), nrog tsawg zog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam xiav thiab violet. Lub teeb txias dua, lub teeb dawb yog tsim thaum qhov kub nce siab vim tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov emission spectrum txav mus rau luv luv wavelengths, sau rau hauv cov cheeb tsam xiav thiab violet.
Qhov kub ntawm lub cev dub radiator uas nws cov xim pom zoo tshaj plaws zoo ib yam li cov teeb pom kev zoo yog hu ua CCT. Qhov tseem ceeb, CCT thiab cov spectrum yog tib yam rau lub teeb pom kev zoo, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob ze - lub cev dub zoo meej. Qhov no piav qhia yog vim li cas qhov muag teev incandescent tsim kom muaj qhov sib luag, txuas mus ntxiv ntawm aqis CCTtxog 2700K thiab CRI ntawm 100. Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no- lub xeev teeb pom kev zoo muaj teeb meem vim nws tsis siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los tsim lub teeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog phosphor- hloov lub teeb dawb-Emitting Diodes (pc-LEDs).
2. Cov Phosphor Challenge thiab cov qauv ntawm ib qho Kev Kawm Dawb LED
PC-LED yog tam sim no nrov tshaj plaws kev teeb pom kev zoo siv tshuab. Ib qho xiav semiconductor nti (feem ntau yog raws li Indium Gallium Nitride, lossis InGaN) npog nrog cov xim daj -emitting phosphor, feem ntau Cerium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (YAG:Ce), yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa dawb LED. Lub phosphor zoo siab los ntawm lub teeb xiav lub teeb thiab ib nrab hloov lub zog no rau hauv lub teeb daj. Lub teeb dawb pom tau tias yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov dav daj emissions thiab lub teeb xiav residual.
Qhov piv ntawm xiav rau lub teeb daj txiav txim siab lub teeb dawb no CCT. CCT qis (sov dawb) yuav tsum tau txhim kho cov xim daj / liab emissions thiab cuam tshuam lub teeb xiav lub teeb. Feem ntau, qhov no yog ua los ntawm: nqus ntau lub teeb xiav los ntawm kev siv cov phosphor txheej loj, ntxiv phosphor ntau dua uas tawm lub teeb liab (xws li phosphor raws li fluoride lossis nitride.
Qhov no yog thawj qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Txawm hais tias lub emissions los ntawm tus thawj YAG: Ce phosphor yog dav, nws tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub sib sib zog nqus liab cheeb tsam ntawm lub spectrum. Cov kws kho tsheb yuav tsum ntxiv cov phosphor liab los ua kom muaj qhov tsis txaus liab no thiab txo qhov CCT. Txawm li cas los xij, emission band ntawm ntau cov phosphor liab zoo yog nqaim. Qhov no ua tau zoo txo qhov CCT, tab sis nws ua li ntawd los ntawm kev nthuav tawm lub teeb liab tam sim ntawd es tsis txhob ua kom ruaj khov, txawm tias faib cov xim liab wavelengths. Qhov no ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws thiab "lumpy" spectral power distribution (SPD).
3. Kev suav CRI: Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib qho kev sib luag
Qhov kawg arbiter ntawm no spectral smoothness yog CRI xeem. Lub International Commission on Illumination (CIE) txhais cov txheej txheem hauv CIE 13.3-1995. Nws suav nrog kev txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm yim tus qauv pastel-xim xim kuaj cov qauv (R1-R8) nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas qhov teeb pom kev zoo piv rau qhov siv tau ntawm tib CCT.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis muaj lub cev tsis zoo yog qhov siv rau qhov kev sim hauv qab 5000K. Lub tswv yim yooj yim yog qhov yooj yim, tab sis kev suav yog qhov sib txawv: CRI nce thiab xim hloov pauv thaum qhov kev sim SPD mus txog lub cev dub tus du, txuas ntxiv Planckian nkhaus.
Ib qho SPD uas muaj qhov khoob loj yog tsim los ntawm qhov qis -CCT LED, uas nyob ntawm lub twj tso kua mis xiav thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm phosphors nrog tej zaum nqaim emissions, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub cyan (490-520 nm) thiab tob liab (650-680 nm) cheeb tsam. Qhov "gappy" spectrum no ua rau muaj qhov tseem ceeb thiab txawv xim hloov pauv thaum nws cuam tshuam tawm ntawm CRI kuaj xim. Piv txwv li:
Blues thiab xiav -ntsuab yuav tshwm dab thiab desaturated yog hais tias muaj ib tug tsis txaus cyan.
Cov khoom liab yuav tshwm sim ntau dhau thiab "neon-zoo li," nrog rau qhov nqaim, spiky liab emission uas tsis tuaj yeem ua ncaj ncees piav txog qhov sib txawv me me hauv cov xim liab.
Cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov xim liab liab (R9) thiab lwm yam hues feem ntau tsis zoo hauv cov qauv tsim, txawm tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm thawj yim qhov ntsuas (R a) yog qhov zoo. Yog li, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txuas ntxiv spectrum xav tau rau siab CRI feem ntau raug yuam kom tso tseg vim qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog los tsim lub teeb sov (CCT qis).
4. Lub Bottleneck nyob rau hauv Material Science: Nrhiav rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws liab Phosphor
Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem engineering dhau los ua qhov teeb meem kev tshawb fawb: kev tshawb nrhiav rau cov phosphor liab nrog qhov dav, tsis tu ncua emission spectrum thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Nqaim-band emission yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau cov khoom lag luam ua tau zoo liab phosphors, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsev neeg nitride thiab oxynitride, uas muaj nuj nqis rau lawv cov quantum efficiency thiab stability.
Tsim kom muaj broadband liab phosphor uas yog kev lag luam, ntev - kav ntev, thiab muaj txiaj ntsig tseem yog qhov nyuaj heev. Fluoride phosphors, xws li K2SiF6:Mn4+, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab muab cov kab liab nqaim heev, txawm li cas los xij lawv ua rau qhov teeb meem spectral sib txawv zuj zus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntsuas ntau phosphors nyob rau hauv ib txheej yuav txo tau tag nrho cov luminous efficiency (lumens ib watt) thiab ntxiv teeb meem hais txog cov xim uniformity nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thiab kub. Kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi feem ntau tau txi rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav rau asiab CRIntawm CCT qis.
5. Mus Tshaj Li Kev Cai CRI thiab Kev Pom Zoo
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias muaj teeb meem nrog CRI (R a) metric nws tus kheej. Nws tsis muaj peev xwm los kwv yees cov duab ntawm cov xim khaus, tawv tones, thiab cov nplooj ntoo ntuj tau ua rau qee tus nug nws qhov kev cia siab ntawm yim xim pastel xwb. Cov kev ntsuas tshiab, ntau qhov kev ntsuas tau raug tsim los ua qhov tshwm sim, xws li TM-30-20 txoj hauv kev, uas ntsuas cov xim fidelity (R f) thiab xim gamut (R g) siv 99 xim qauv.
Cov kev ntsuas tsis ntev los no no feem ntau ua rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov qis -CCT, siab -CRI (raws li tau txiav txim los ntawm R a) qhov chaw pom tseeb dua. Ib qhov chaw uas muaj cov phosphor liab tuaj yeem muaj qhov qhab nia R9 siab tab sis cov xim qis lossis cov qhab nia distortion. Kev lag luam tam sim no tab tom hloov mus rau cov kev daws teeb meem uas tsis yog kev ncaj ncees nkaus xwb tab sis kuj muaj kev sib luag thiab xim ntuj vim qhov kev thov rau siab - teeb pom kev zoo. Txhawm rau muab ntau qhov kev nthuav dav thiab txuas ntxiv uas yog piv rau cov qhov muag teeb, txawm tias qis CCTs, qhov no hu rau cov txheej txheem phosphor uas muaj peb lossis ntau dua ua tib zoo xaiv phosphors, lossis txawm tias cov tswv yim tshiab xws li violet -pump LEDs, uas txhawb nqa cov xim liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav.
Hauv kev xaus
Qhov pom kev sib tw ntawm kev ua tiav siab CRI ntawm qhov qis CCT yog qhov muaj zog thev naus laus zis txwv los ntawm cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm ntawm LED tsim khoom ntau dua li kev txwv lub cev. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub cev dub, tus qauv kev lag luam rau qis -CCT lub teeb, muaj qhov nruam, du spectrum uas zoo tagnrho rau cov xim rendering los ntawm xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, txhawm rau tsim nws lub teeb dawb,niaj hnub PC{0}}LEDsyuav tsum sib txuas cov emissions sib txawv los ntawm cov nti xiav nrog cov phosphor sib txawv. Yog tsis muaj kev siv dav dav, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, thiab ruaj khov phosphor liab, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txav cov spectral tshuav ntawm cov liab thiaj li yuav tsim ib qho sov so CCT feem ntau ua rau cov spectrum tsis tu ncua. Raws li qhov tseeb, spectrum- nyob ntawm CRI qhov ntsuas, qhov kev faib hluav taws xob spectral no tsis txaus piav txog xim. Qhov no ntev -kev lag luam sawv cev- tawm yog nce ntxiv raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb tau tsim kho thiab kev ntsuas tshiab pab peb nkag siab cov xim zoo, qhib qhov rooj rau lub teeb pom kev zoo uas yog qhov tseeb thiab zoo siab caw.
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