Taw qhia rau LEDs
1. Kev Taw Qhia rau LEDs
LED, luv luv rau "Lub Teeb Emitting Diode," yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob uas hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb. Lub hauv paus ntawm LED yog ib nti uas muaj p-hom thiab n- hom semiconductors. Ib daim ntawv p-n sib txuas ntawm ob. Thaum txhaj cov neeg nqa khoom tsawg dua nrog cov neeg nqa khoom feem ntau, lub zog ntau dhau raug tso tawm raws li lub teeb, yog li hloov hluav taws xob rau hauv lub teeb. Cov chips ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv tuaj yeem tawm lub teeb hauv ntau yam xim, xws li liab, txiv kab ntxwv, daj, ntsuab, xiav, thiab violet, yog li lub npe "lub teeb-emitting diode."
Piv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm muaj, LEDs muaj kev txuag hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab tam sim no yog lub ntiaj teb cov teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm tib neeg txoj kev tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws txij li Edison qhov kev tsim kho ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo.
Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm LEDs yog lawv cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Raws li cov khoom siv- lub xeev lub teeb- emitting li, LEDs tsis muaj mercury, thiab yog li, tawg thaum lub sij hawm tsim thiab siv yuav tsis ua rau ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug los ntawm cov hlau lom.
2. Kev siv LED thiab kev faib tawm
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub zog ntsoog, semiconductorLED teeb pom kev zoo, tus yam ntxwv los ntawm nws lub zog -txuag, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, muaj yeeb yuj, nyab xeeb, ntev- kav ntev, thiab cov qauv tsim me me, tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb tias yog lub teeb pom kev zoo thib peb hauv tib neeg keeb kwm. Nrog kev nce qib hauv LED thev naus laus zis, nws cov ntawv thov txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv, nrog rau kev siv hauv LCD backlighting, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab tsheb teeb pom kev zoo.
3. LED ntim thiab cov khoom faib khoom
LED ntim yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm encapsulating lubLED ntithiab bracket nrog cov ntaub ntawv xws li epoxy resin los yog silicone. Tshwj xeeb, nws suav nrog kev teeb tsa, kev ruaj ntseg, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm LED nti thiab lwm yam khoom ntawm lub bracket lossis substrate, txuas cov kab txuas txuas, thiab tom qab ntawd muab qhwv thiab tuav lawv nrog cov yas, lub teeb - xa cov dielectric los ua peb lub qauv - qhov ntev. Qhov no muab kev tiv thaiv rau nti thiab kub dissipation.
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv LED yog feem ntau ncaj qha -insert hom (Lamp) thiab nto mount hom (SMD). Ntawm lawv, SMD cov khoom muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb thiab zoo heev piv nrog cov khoom siv teeb, xws li kev sib dhos siab ceev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me, lub teeb yuag, txuag cov ntaub ntawv, lub zog, khoom siv, lub zog, lub sijhawm, thiab lwm yam. Tshwj xeeb, lawv yog:
(1) tsawg solder joint defect npaum li cas, zoo siab -frequency yam ntxwv, thiab txo electromagnetic thiab xov tooj cua zaus cuam tshuam;
(2) kev ntseeg siab thiab muaj zog vibration kuj;
(3) yooj yim rau automate, txhim kho ntau lawm efficiency, thiab txo cov nqi los ntawm 30% -50%;
(4) Qhov ntim thiab qhov hnyav ntawm SMD cov khoom tsuas yog kwv yees li 1/10 ntawm cov tsoos ntsaws- hauv cov khoom. Feem ntau, tom qab siv SMT, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug txo los ntawm 40% -60% thiab qhov hnyav yog txo los ntawm 60% -80%.
Tam sim no, SMD LEDs yog siv nyob rau hauv backlight, teeb pom kev zoo thiab lwm yam teb. Raws li hom ntim khoom, SMD LED cov khoom muaj xws li nti, sab saum toj, sab saib, thiab siab - pawg fais fab. Sab saum toj, sideview, thiab siab - cov khoom siv fais fab feem ntau muaj lub teeb dawb thiab lub teeb ci siab, thiab feem ntau yog siv hauv backlighting (xws li, xov tooj ntawm tes thiab khoos phis tawj) thiab teeb pom kev zoo (xws li, sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov teeb pom kev zoo). Yog li ntawd, siab -kawg SMD ntim feem ntau suav nrog sab saum toj, sab saib, thiab siab{10}} cov khoom siv fais fab, tshwj xeeb yog lub teeb dawb thiab cov khoom ci siab. Kev lag luam hauv tsev los ntawm- qhov khoom lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb txaus, nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau poob txhua xyoo. Kev sib tw hauv qis-kawg SMD cov cuab yeej tau dhau los ua hnyav zuj zus, thaum muaj peev xwm tsim tau rau nruab nrab- mus rau siab-kawg SMD cov cuab yeej tau maj mam tso tawm, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus nqi tseem ceeb.
4. Kev faib tawm LED los ntawm Xim thiab Daim Ntawv Thov
LEDs yog nyob rau hauv qeb ntawm semiconductor optoelectronic li thiab categorized los ntawm cov xim rau hauv monochromatic LEDs, tag nrho -xim LEDs, thiab dawb LEDs. Dawb LEDs feem ntau yog siv hauv kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo, thiab muaj ntau yam kev siv. Kev faib tawm thiab kev siv thaj chaw ntawm ntau yam xim LEDs yog raws li hauv qab no:
Nrog rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub teeb dawb LEDs, semiconductor teeb pom kev zoo tau siv dav hauv cov xov tooj ntawm tes, backlights, teeb pom kev tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam, thiab tam sim no nthuav dav rau hauv cov teeb pom kev zoo. Raws li "US Semiconductor Lighting Development Blueprint (OIDA 2002.11)" (Source: "China Semiconductor Lighting Industry Development Yearbook (2008-2009)"), qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm LEDs yuav tsum ncav cuag 150 lm / w los ntawm 2012 thiab 200 penet 20 lm / w. Tam sim no, luminous efficiency ntawm lub teeb dawb LEDs yog kwv yees li 120 lm / w. Kev txhim kho luminous efficiency ntawm lub teeb dawb LEDs tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa kev nce qib ntawm lub teeb dawb LED thev naus laus zis. Txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam tau pom tias tsim nyog rau cov teeb pom kev zoo semiconductor dua li lub teeb dawb LEDs.
5. Txheej txheem cej luam ntawm LED Application Development
Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1907, tib neeg tau pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor emitting lub teeb thaum muaj zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog txog thaum xyoo 1960 uas cov LEDs liab, ua los ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor GaAsP, tau los ua lag luam. Vim lawv tsis tshua muaj luminous efficiency thiab tus nqi siab, lawv tsuas yog siv los ua cov cim qhia hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob kim.
Txij li thaum xyoo 1990, nrog rau kev txhim kho maj mam ntawm LED luminous efficiency thiab siv zog, thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm lub teeb xim npog thoob plaws tag nrho cov spectrum pom, lub zog - txuag thiab siv tau cov txiaj ntsig ntawmLED teebCov peev txheej tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, nthuav dav lawv thaj chaw thov. Tam sim no, LEDs tau dav siv nyob rau hauv LCD backlights, sab nraum zoov loj cov ntxaij vab tshaus, optical kev sib txuas lus lub teeb qhov chaw, tsheb teeb, theem teeb pom kev zoo, toj roob hauv pes teeb pom kev zoo, thiab automotive taillights, thiab maj mam nkag mus rau cov tsoos teeb pom kev zoo xws li txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo, thiab automotive headlights.
6. Kev tsim kho thoob ntiaj teb LED ntim kev lag luam
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntiaj teb no LED ntim kev lag luam tau sib npaug rau kev nce qib ntawm LED kev lag luam saw technologies, ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev hloov pauv kev lag luam. Lub ntiaj teb tsib lub tuam txhab LED loj tshaj plaws: Nichia thiab Toyoda Gosei ntawm Nyiv, CREE thiab Lumileds ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Osram ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, sawv cev rau qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm LED thev naus laus zis thiab coj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm LED kev lag luam.
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, thawj LED niaj hnub (Lub Teeb Emitting Diode) tau tsim nyob rau hauv teb chaws Aas Kiv. Xyoo 1962, General Electric ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau pib tsim thawj lub teeb pom kev zoo -emitting diode. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, cov LEDs daj thiab ntsuab tau tshwm sim. Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab kev txhim kho nyob rau hauv luminous efficiency, lub hwj chim thiab luminous flux ntawm ib tug neeg LED teeb qhov chaw kuj nce sai heev. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo caum tom qab, LEDs tau tsim sai heev, ua raws li Moore txoj cai, nrog brightness ob npaug rau txhua 18 lub hlis. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm xiav LEDs los ntawm Nichia Corporation ntawm Nyij Pooj tau ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov LEDs dawb, nthuav dav daim ntawv thov ntawm LEDs los ntawm kev kos npe yooj yim mus rau teeb pom kev zoo.
Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, LEDs tau kov yeej cov teeb meem xws li lub teeb lwj, hluav taws xob tawg, thiab kev ua haujlwm luminous, tau lees paub tias yog lub zog tshiab - txuag thiab tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig lub teeb ci nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev sib raug zoo thiab kev cia siab rau daim ntawv thov loj. Tsoom fwv thoob ntiaj teb tab tom saib xyuas qhov teeb meem no. Txhawm rau txuag hluav taws xob thiab txhawb kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, ntau lub teb chaws tam sim no tab tom ua kom muaj kev cai lij choj, tsim cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov kev pab cuam, lossis teeb tsa lub sij hawm kom meej los txhawb kev siv lub zog - txuag qhov chaw teeb. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2001, Tebchaws Asmeskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Hluav Taws Xob tau tshaj tawm Next-Tsim Teeb Pom Kev Teebmeem (NGLI), tseem hu ua "Next Generation Lighting Initiative." Nyiv lub 21st Century Lighting Initiative yog lub teb chaws txoj haujlwm pib thiab tsim los ntawm Nyiv Hlau Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho Center thiab Lub Zog Tshiab thiab Kev Siv Tshuab.
Development Organization (NEDO). Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2000, European Union tau siv txoj haujlwm Rainbow (Nqa Xim rau LEDs) thiab tsim Pawg Thawj Coj -Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb (ECCR) los txhawb kev txhawb nqa cov teeb ci dawb LED los ntawm EU's BRITE/EURAM-3 program. Nyob rau hauv kev teb rau lub ntiaj teb no qauv ntawm kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, South Kauslim Ministry of Commerce thiab Energy tau tsim "GaN Optical Semiconductor Development Program" txhawm rau txhim kho kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub teeb dawb LED teeb pom kev zoo raws li cov ntaub ntawv GaN. Txij li xyoo 2000, Tuam Tshoj tau tshaj tawm ntau txoj cai los txhawb nqa LEDs, thiab xyoo 2009, tau tsim lub "Kaum Lub Zos, Kaum Ib Txhiab Teeb" LED teeb pom kev zoo txhawb nqa kev txhawb nqa kev lag luam LED.
Ua tsaug rau kev txhawb zog los ntawm tsoomfwv cov cai thoob ntiaj teb, thoob ntiaj tebLED kev lag luamtau pom daim ntawv thov dav dav thoob plaws ntau qhov chaw thiab kev loj hlob sai. Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb LED ntim kev lag luam feem ntau yog tsom rau hauv thaj chaw xws li Nyiv, Taiwan, Tebchaws Meskas, Europe, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, thiab Tuam Tshoj av loj. Nyiv, Tebchaws Meskas, thiab Tebchaws Europe, nrog rau lawv qhov zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev tsim khoom, yog cov cheeb tsam ntxov tshaj plaws los txhim kho LED ntim kev lag luam. Taiwan thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb khav theeb ua tiav cov neeg siv khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam nrog kev faib tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv cov dej ntws, nruab nrab, thiab qis qis, thiab cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab kev lag luam, ua rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob sai hauv xyoo tas los no. Tuam Tshoj Mainland, nrog rau nws cov nqi zoo thiab nthuav dav LED daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, tau pom ib qho chaw ruaj khov ntawm LED ntim peev los ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog Taiwan, xyoo kaum xyoo dhau los, nrog ntau lub teb chaws tsim cov ntim khoom nyob ntawd. Cov tuam txhab ntim khoom hauv tsev tau txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab txhim kho, nrog cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab tshiab, ua rau Tuam Tshoj loj tshaj plaws yog ib thaj chaw loj hlob sai tshaj plaws rau LED ntim.
LED ntim yog ob qho tib si thev naus laus zis- siv zog thiab peev- hnyav. Vim yog Tuam Tshoj mainland tus nqi zoo thiab nthuav dav LED daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, thoob ntiaj teb thiab Taiwanese ntim manufacturers tau flocked mus rau lub mainland los tsim factories, capitalizing nyob ze rau cov khoom txhawb nqa thiab kawg - khw. Qhov no tau ua kom muaj kev vam meej thiab kev loj hlob sai nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj mainland LED ntim kev lag luam, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb LED ntim puag. Qhov no tsis tau tsuas yog nthuav dav Tuam Tshoj lub lag luam sib koom ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no LED ntim sector tab sis kuj tau txhim kho lub LED ntim tshuab ntawm mainland Suav manufacturers, accelerating tus ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntim khoom tau pib tsim plaub qhov loj LED- thaj chaw hnyav: Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta, Fujian- cheeb tsam Jiangxi, thiab Bohai Rim. Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb loj LED ntim puag.
7. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm LED ntim kev lag luam
(1) SMD ntim maj mam dhau los ua daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm LED ntim
Nto mount ntim SMD LED tau dhau los ua qhov kub ntawm kev txhim kho hotspot, uas tau daws cov teeb meem ntawm qhov ci, pom lub kaum ntse ntse, tiaj tus, kev ntseeg tau, sib xws, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm kev txo qhov loj thiab qhov hnyav, cov khoom hnyav tuaj yeem txo tau yooj yim los ntawm ib nrab, ua rau daim ntawv thov zoo dua. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau ntau yam khoom backlight nrog txuas ntxiv txo cov khoom tuab thiab sab hauv thiab ib nrab - sab nraum zoov puv - xim daim ntawv thov.
SMD LED ntim muaj qee yam kev nyuaj, uas tau pom hauv:
Ua ntej, yuav ua li cas los tsim cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab txhim kho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom ntim los txhim kho cov cuab yeej luminous efficiency thiab ua kom lub teeb faib nkhaus raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Daim ntawv ntim zoo tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev siv cov chips LED, tab sis kuj pab cov tuam txhab ua tiav cov khoom sib txawv. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus rau SMD cov qauv khoom siv tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau kev lag luam niche, xws li oval LEDs rau sab nraum zoov cov ntawv thov thiab sab -emitting LEDs rau me - loj LCD backlighting.
Qhov thib ob, kev siv hluav taws xob zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej kev ntseeg siab. High thermal kuj nyob rau hauv LED li tsub kom lub nti lub PN hlws ris kub, ua rauLED teebdegradation. Thaum tshav kub kub dissipation yog thawj qhov kev sib tw hauv LED ntim. Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb no tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsim cov khoom ntim, txo cov cuab yeej thermal tiv thaiv thiab ua kom cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Dawb LED ntim tshuab tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsom thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv kev lag luam. Cov txheej txheem ntim qib siab txhim kho kev tswj hwm qhov tsis xws li xim kub, chromaticity coordinates, thiab xim rendering Performance index (CRI). Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo - cov LEDs zoo tshaj plaws uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai sib txawv ntawm cov lag luam sib txawv thiab ua tiav CRI hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Qhov no nthuav tawm qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb rau txhua tus neeg tsim khoom.
(2) Cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo yuav dhau los ua lub zog tsav rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm LED kev lag luam
Nrog rau kev nkag mus sai sai ntawm LED backlight nyob rau hauv loj - loj LCD panels thiab kev npaj txhij txog kev loj hlob ntawm LED teeb pom kev lag luam, tag nrho LED kev lag luam yuav pom ib tug ceev kev loj hlob momentum. LED backlight thiab LED dav dav teeb pom kev zoo yog ob qhov chaw uas muaj kev loj hlob sai tshaj plaws. Backlight thiab teeb pom kev zoo yuav dhau los ua lub zog tsav rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm LED kev lag luam.
8. Backlight LED kev lag luam xav tau
LED backlightsuav nrog me -loj backlight, nruab nrab-loj backlight thiab loj-loj backlight. Me me-loj backlight feem ntau yog siv hauv xov tooj ntawm tes, MP3, MP4, PDA, cov koob yees duab digital, koob yees duab video thiab cov khoom siv qoj ib ce; nruab nrab-loj backlight feem ntau yog siv hauv phau computers, netbooks, computer displays thiab monitors; loj- loj yog siv nyob rau hauv LCD TVs.
Tus naj npawb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm LED backlight rau ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus LCD yog raws li hauv qab no:
9. Teeb pom kev zoo LED kev lag luam xav tau
LED teeb pom kev zoo muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo tib yam xws li kev txuag hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, lub sijhawm teb luv luv thiab lub neej ua haujlwm ntev, uas txiav txim siab tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lwm lub teeb ci. Tam sim no, LEDs kuj tseem kim, cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev saws me nyuam. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov nqi LED maj mam txo qis, tsoomfwv thoob ntiaj teb tau cog lus los txhawb lub zog-txoj cai tswjfwm thiab theem thoob ntiaj teb- tawm ntawm qhov muag teev, LED teeb pom kev zoo yuav nthuav tawm txoj hauv kev loj hlob. LED teeb pom kev lag luam tuaj yeem faib ua feem rau sab nraum zoov teeb pom kev zoo (cov teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab lwm yam), sab hauv tsev teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev tshwj xeeb (txoj kev teeb, teeb nyem, taws teeb, nyeem ntawv teeb, thiab lwm yam), teeb pom kev zoo (tub rog, kev kho mob teeb pom kev zoo, teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsheb, thiab lwm yam), thiab lwm yam.
Nrog rau kev txwv tsis pub cov qij incandescent, kev ua lag luam tau tshwm sim rau cov qij qis dua 10W. Tam sim no, teeb pom kev zoo suav nrog 19% ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob thoob ntiaj teb, siv tag nrho ntawm 2,651 terawatt- teev lub zog. Hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm nrog lub zog- cov khoom siv tau zoo yuav tsum txuag 30% ntawm lub zog. Kev sib koom ua ke ntxiv zog- teeb pom kev zoo nrog cov sensors, daim phiaj ntse, thiab lwm yam kev siv tuaj yeem txuag tau 30% ntxiv.
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FAQs
Q1. Kuv tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv no li cas?
A1: Nyob zoo, yooj yim rau qhov no.muab koj qhov chaw nyob thiab qhia kuv yam khoom koj xav tau, peb yuav npaj xa tuaj rau koj los ntawm DHL lossis FedEx.
Q2: Ua li cas txog koj qhov zoo?
A2: Tag nrho cov khoom siv raw nrog cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas kom meej siab luminous thiab txaus brightness.
Q3: Yuav ua li cas txog Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm?
A3: Qauv xav tau 3-5 hnub, lub sijhawm ntau lawm xav tau 25-40 hnub tom qab tau txais qhov tso nyiaj
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