Kev taw qhia thiab kev sib tham txog kev tsim hluav taws kub thaum muaj xwm ceev
1 Kev Taw Qhia
Hauv kev lag luam thiab pej xeem cov tsev, hluav taws kub ceev teeb pom kev zoo yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ruaj ntseg tag nrho hauv lub tsev. Hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo tsim teeb pom kev zoo tau ntxim nyiam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qee lub tsev loj, xws li cov tsev ua haujlwm, tsev ua yeeb yam, tsev qiv ntawv, khw malls, supermarkets, tsev so, chaw nres tsheb neeg caij tsheb, tsev kho mob thiab lwm qhov chaw pej xeem uas muaj neeg coob coob, yog tias muaj teeb pom kev kub ntxhov. kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa tsis tsim nyog, Thaum hluav taws kub lossis hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm, nws yog qhov ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv kev khiav tawm ntawm tib neeg, trampling ntawm ib leeg, thiab lwm yam, ua rau muaj kev raug mob hnyav.
2 Kev faib tawm ntawm hluav taws kub ceev teeb pom kev zoo
Txhawm rau tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, peb yuav tsum xub nkag siab txog kev faib hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev. Raws li tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv "Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob" (Second Edition), nws feem ntau muab faib ua cov teeb pom kev zoo, kev khiav tawm cov paib teeb pom kev zoo thiab teeb pom kev zoo tag nrho.
2.1 Backup teeb pom kev zoo
Backup teeb pom kev zoo yog hais txog cov teeb pom kev zoo thaub qab kom ua haujlwm ntxiv (lossis ua haujlwm ib ntus) thaum lub teeb pom kev zoo tsis ua haujlwm. Raws li qhov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm lossis kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tawg, hluav taws kub, raug mob, lossis ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev nom kev tswv thiab kev lag luam, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los teeb tsa lub teeb pom kev zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ib ntus. Xws li chav faib hluav taws xob, chav tswj hluav taws xob, chav ua haujlwm thiab lwm qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo.
2.2 Evacuation sign lighting
Lub teeb pom kev khiav tawm yog ib txoj kev kos npe rau cov neeg mus txog sab nraum zoov lossis chaw nkaum ib ntus hauv qhov xwm txheej txawv txav (xws li hluav taws kub, hluav taws xob tsis zoo, thiab lwm yam). Xws li txhua qhov kev tawm, txhua lub qhov rooj, qhov chaw nkaum, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov cim qhia, uas yog, taw qhia los ntawm cov xub los yog qee yam ntawm cov duab lossis cov ntawv nyeem uas txawv cov kev taw qhia.
2.3 Tag nrho cov teeb pom kev zoo
Cov teeb pom kev zoo tag nrho yog hais txog qhov teeb pom kev zoo tag nrho los xyuas kom meej tias cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai tau teeb pom kev zoo thaum lub teeb pom kev zoo ib txwm cuam tshuam tam sim ntawd. Piv txwv li, chav ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev kho mob yuav tsum tau teeb pom kev zoo, vim tias hluav taws xob tam sim ntawd yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej.
3 Kev teeb tsa hluav taws kub ceev teeb pom kev zoo
Kev tsim hluav taws xob teeb pom kev kub ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsim. Txawm hais tias tus qauv tsim tsim nyog los yog tsis yog ncaj qha ntsig txog seb qhov hluav taws kub sib tsoo tuaj yeem ua tiav thiab tshem tawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab seb qhov kev tua hluav taws thiab kev cawm dim tuaj yeem ua tau zoo.
Tshooj 13.8.2 ntawm "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008)) qhia tias cov teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv qhov chaw rau kev tua hluav taws thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm cawm neeg kom ua haujlwm ntxiv, xws li chav tswj hluav taws, tus kheej. - muab chav tso hluav taws xob, chav faib hluav taws xob, chav dej twj tso kua mis, chav tiv thaiv pa taws thiab chav tshuab pa, chav xov tooj hloov chaw, chav sib txuas lus, chav siv hluav taws xob loj thiab nruab nrab, BAS chaw nres tsheb hauv nruab nrab, chaw tswj kev tiv thaiv tag nrho, thiab cov qhov chaw nkaum hauv pem teb thiab lub ru tsev helipad ntawm high-rise civil vaj tse nrog lub tsev qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 100m thiab lwm yam, thiab lwm qhov chaw uas tseem yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv thaum muaj xwm ceev hluav taws kub; Tshooj 13.8.3 ntawm "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008) qhia tias nyob rau hauv lub evacuation stairwells, pa luam yeeb stairwell pem hauv ntej chav tsev, Evacuation passages, hluav taws elevator chav thiab lawv pem hauv ntej chav tsev, sib koom chav pem hauv ntej. , cov rooj sib tham, cov rooj sib tham, cov rooj sib tham ntau, cov tsev noj mov, rooj noj mov, rooj sib tham, cov rooj sib tham, tos (tshuab) cov tsev, cov chaw ua lag luam, cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab lwm cov tsev loj loj. Cov chaw nkaum hauv tsev (chav) thiab lwm qhov chaw, chaw ua yeeb yam, chaw ua lag luam, hu nkauj thiab seev cev lom zem, tshuaj ntsuam xyuas thiab kev lom zem nrog thaj chaw tsim kho ntau dua 1 500m2, cov tsev hauv av nrog thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg nyob ntau dua 300m2, studios nrog thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 200m2, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov chaw nyob siab, Lub tsev khiav tawm stairwells, sab hauv kev taug kev nrog qhov ntev ntawm ntau tshaj 20m, hluav taws kub elevator thiab lawv cov chav pem hauv ntej, thiab cov chav sib koom ua ke, ntxiv rau txoj kev khiav tawm. teeb pom kev zoo, tag nrho cov ntawv qhia tawm yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm txhua qhov kev tawm thiab kev khiav tawm. thiab evacuation walkway signs. Chav ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev kho mob yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov teeb pom kev zoo tag nrho, thiab cov teeb pom kev tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau siv. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm ceev, cov kev cai saum toj no yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis kom ntseeg tau tias cov teeb pom kev kub ntxhov ceev yog tus qauv, tsim nyog thiab siv tau.
4 Kev teeb tsa tsim hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev teeb pom kev zoo fixtures
Lub teeb pom kev ruaj ntseg hauv lub teeb pom kev kub ceev yuav tsum tau nruab rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab. Kev khiav tawm teeb pom kev zoo suav nrog tag nrho cov teeb pom kev tawm, teeb pom kev khiav tawm thiab teeb pom kev khiav tawm. Feem ntau hais lus, lub teeb pom kev tawm tag nrho yuav tsum tau teeb tsa saum lub qhov rooj khiav tawm. Rau kev khiav tawm stairs nyob rau hauv thawj pem teb, nws yuav tsum tau muab ntsia saum toj no sab hauv ntawm lub stairway, thiab qhov siab ntawm tag nrho cov-tawm taw qhia lub teeb los ntawm hauv av yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua 2m; Qhov chaw yuav tsum xa mus rau daim duab 13.8.5 ntawm "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008), raws li qhia hauv daim duab 1.
Daim duab 1 Qhov chaw ntawm kev khiav tawm cov cim teeb
Kev teeb tsa kev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai cuam tshuam hauv Tshooj 13.8 ntawm "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008), thiab nws qhov siab thiab txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias thaum muaj hluav taws kub. , nws tuaj yeem ua tau sai thiab meej meej.
5 Kev xaiv cov hluav taws kub ceev teeb pom kev zoo fais fab mov
Hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev xaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim. Tshooj 3.2.3.1 ntawm "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008}) "Lub teeb pom kev kub ntxhov thiab kev khiav tawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib I high-rise pej xeem yuav tsum yog Class I load, thiab hluav taws kub ceev teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev khiav tawm ntawm Class II high-rise pej xeem vaj tse yuav tsum yog qhov taw qhia yuav tsum yog lub thib ob load", Tshooj 3.2.8 ntawm "Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings" (JGJ 16-2008) "Lub thawj load yuav tsum tau powered los ntawm ob lub zog siv hluav taws xob, thiab thaum ib qho hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm, lwm qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tsis txhob raug puas tsuaj tib lub sijhawm."
Hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm cov tsev niaj hnub, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov qab rau cov teeb pom kev kub ntxhov tseem hu ua hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev. Feem ntau muaj ob hom: diesel generator sets thiab EPS thaum muaj xwm ceev fais fab mov. Raws li qhov sib txawv hauv nroog fais fab mov, thov mus saib hauv Table 4.1.4 ntawm "National Civil Building Engineering Design Technical Measures-Electrical" (2009) rau kev teeb tsa cov teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, raws li qhia hauv Table 1.
Lus Cim: A. Ob-txoj kev ywj pheej fais fab mov yog hais txog ob txoj kev siv hluav taws xob uas tau kos los ntawm cov chaw sib txawv sab saud, lossis ob txoj kev siv hluav taws xob uas tau kos los ntawm qhov sib txawv transformer busbar seem ntawm tib lub substation. Cov sib txawv transformers yuav tsum tau powered los ntawm txawv high-voltage Grid fais fab mov.
B. Ib kab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau pej xeem yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tau coj los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob pej xeem, uas yog, ib txoj kab hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob rau ob lossis ntau tsev neeg.
C. Ob-circuit fais fab mov yog hais txog ob-txoj kev fais fab mov kos los ntawm tib transformer busbar seem ntawm tib superior substation, los yog ob-txoj kev fais fab mov kos los ntawm txawv transformer busbar seem, tab sis lub transformer yog powered los ntawm tib yam. high-voltage hluav taws xob daim phiaj.
D. Ob-txoj kev low-voltage fais fab mov yog hais txog ob-txoj kev low-voltage 220/380 fais fab mov, thiab ob-txoj kev low-voltage fais fab mov yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm ob txoj kev sib txawv transformer busbar seem ntawm lub substation.
① Dual mains plus generator plus EPS yog hais txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev uas muaj ob lub ntsiab, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab EPS. ②Dual mains plus EPS yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas muaj ob lub zog hluav taws xob thiab EPS. ③ Mains plus generator plus EPS yog hais txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev uas muaj ib lub hauv paus, lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab EPS. ④ Mains ntxiv rau EPS yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas muaj lub hauv paus thiab EPS. ⑤ Dual mains fais fab mov yog hais txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas muaj ob lub mains fais fab mov, tsis muaj EPS fais fab mov.
6 Cov qauv tsim
Tus sau yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob ntawm lub tsev so tsib lub hnub qub hauv ib lub nroog hauv Guangxi. Lub tsev so ua ke nrog kev yuav khoom, khoom noj khoom haus, kev ua si, kev sib tham, thiab kev pabcuam, nrog thaj chaw tsim kho ntawm 45 069m2 thiab ib lub tsev siab siab thawj zaug nrog lub tsev siab ntawm 92.90m. Lub teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev yog thawj lub nra. Hauv kev tsim cov phiaj xwm no, qhov teeb pom kev kub ceev yog ib qho kev faib hluav taws xob rau tus kheej, uas yog muab los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob diesel los muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dual, thiab yog siv los ntawm cov kab ntoo. Lub teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev hauv qhov kev faib tawm no, thiab hauv txhua lub teeb pom kev kub ntxhov, yog nruab nrog cov roj teeb. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub tshuab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tuaj tos lub sijhawm ncua ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel los ntawm ob lub zog hloov pauv hloov sab (sab tseem ceeb) thaum lub zog hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm, theem poob, qhov hluav taws xob lossis zaus tawm ntawm qhov ntau, lossis thaum ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm. tib lub sijhawm. Lub teeb liab pib raug xa mus rau chav tsev diesel generator, thiab lub teeb liab qeeb yog 0 ~ 10s (kho tau) kom pib lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel. Tom qab lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel tau nce mus txog qhov ntsuas ceev, qhov hluav taws xob thiab zaus hauv 30s, nws yuav muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom ntsuas. Thaum lub mains rov qab rau 30s ~ 60s (adjustable), lub mains fais fab mov yuav tsum tau rov qab, thiab lub diesel generator teeb yuav cia li kaw tom qab lub txias ncua los xyuas kom meej qhov kev cia siab ntawm lub hwj chim mov.
Teeb pom kev kub ntxhov, kuj hu ua teeb pom kev sib tsoo. Hauv kev tsim ntawm qhov project no, tus sau tau tag nrho xav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, tsis yog qhov xwm txheej nkaus xwb thaum lub hwj chim raug txiav tawm tam sim ntawd thaum tsis muaj hluav taws. Raws li peb txhua tus paub, hauv qhov hluav taws kub, cov kab hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau raug puas tsuaj ua ntej. Thaum cov khoom siv no puas lawm, nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau luv luv Circuit Court, overloads, thiab lwm yam. Muaj xws li thaum muaj xwm ceev Circuit Court. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev xyaum, thaum hluav taws tawg hauv lub tsev, dej feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov nruab nrab tua hluav taws. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg tua hluav taws thiab lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev pheej hmoo hluav taws xob, nws tseem yuav tsum tau txiav tawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tom qab ntawd tua hluav taws, suav nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tua hluav taws; Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem, cov dej hluav taws yuav inevitably ntub cov khoom siv thiab cov kab, uas yuav ua rau luv luv circuits thiab to, thiab ces ua rau tripping thiab hluav taws xob tawm. Yog li ntawd, vim yog cov laj thawj saum toj no, ua raws li lub tswv yim tsim ntawm "neeg-taw qhia, lub neej ua ntej", thaum tsim lub teeb pom kev kub ntxhov ntawm qhov project no, ntxiv rau muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dual hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg lub teeb pom kev kub ceev, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej ceev. Lub teeb pom kev zoo, Tag nrho cov roj teeb txuas nrog, thiab lub sijhawm siv hluav taws xob tas mus li ntawm lub roj teeb yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 30 feeb, ntawm qhov chaw substation, chav tshuab hluav taws xob, chav dej twj tso kua mis, thiab chav tswj hluav taws yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua. 180 feeb kom ntseeg tau tias muaj teeb pom kev kub ceev thaum muaj xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws. Cov roj teeb tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ib txwm, ua kom pom qhov xav tau ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub zog hluav taws xob rau kev khiav tawm tag nrho, thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim ntawm qhov project no, tus sau tau paub txog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab kev ywj pheej decentralized fais fab mov ntawm ib lub teeb, uas txo qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm ceev ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev. Yog li tiv thaiv tib neeg lub neej.
