Yuav ua li casLED Stadium TeebTxuag cov nqi hluav taws xob
Abstract:Kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau cov chaw ua kis las. Kev hloov mus rau LED-raws li lub chaw ua si teeb pom kev zoo nthuav qhia txoj hauv kev los txo cov nyiaj txiag no. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no qhia txog cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev siv tshuab LED ua tiav kev txuag hluav taws xob, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev ua haujlwm thiab cov qauv nyiaj txiag sib piv. Kev sib tham suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo, lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev tswj hwm ntse, kev ua haujlwm ntev - lub sijhawm ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, thiab lub hauv paus rau kev suav rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev rau cov thawj coj hauv chaw.
1. Core Mechanisms of Energy Reduction inLED Stadium Teeb pom kev zoo
Thawj lub zog txuag los ntawmLED chaw ntau pob teebmuab tau los ntawm superior luminous efficiency thiab meej optical tswj. Luminous efficiency ntsuas lub teeb tso zis (lumens) ib chav tsev ntawm hluav taws xob fais fab input (watts). Niaj hnub nimno LED fixtures rau kev siv chaw ntau pob feem ntau ua tiav 130-150 lumens ib watt. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov tsoos hlau halide teeb siv nyob rau hauv kev ua si teeb pom kev zoo ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm 80-100 lumens ib watt. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb no txhais tau hais tias ib qho LED system yuav tsum muaj tsawg dua watts los tsim qhov zoo ib yam lossis ntau dua illuminance ntawm qhov chaw ua si.
Ib qho kev txuag hluav taws xob thib ob yog kev tshem tawm lub teeb khib nyiab. LED teeb pom kev zoo tso cai rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag nrog cov kab teeb pom kev zoo (piv txwv li, Hom IV lossis Hom V faib). Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias feem pua ntawm cov lumens generated raug xa mus rau qhov chaw lub hom phiaj, txo qis cov teeb ci rau hauv qhov tsis yog - qhov tseem ceeb. Ib txwm dav dav -beam teeb pom kev zoo feem ntau teeb pom kev thaj chaw tseem ceeb tshaj li thaj tsam thaj tsam, siv lub zog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.
2. Quantifying Energy Savings: Ib qho piv txwv
Qhov loj ntawm cov nqi txuag hluav taws xob yog qhov sib txawv, nyob ntawm qhov chaw siv cov qauv, tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv zos, thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem qub txeeg qub teg. Cov lus hauv qab no muab kev sib piv tus neeg sawv cev raws li qhov nruab nrab - qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw ncaws pob football.
Table 1: Kev Sib Piv Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Txhua Xyoo - Hlau Halide vs. LED System
|
Parameter |
Hlau Halide System (2000W Fixtures) |
LED System (1200W Fixtures) |
Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tag nrho cov fais fab txuas (kW) |
320 kW tsi |
1 92 kWm |
Xav tias 160 fixtures. LED tuav lub teeb pom kev sib npaug ntawm 40% qis txuas txuas. |
|
Kwv yees cov sij hawm siv txhua xyoo |
1,200 teev |
1,200 teev |
Xws li kev ua si, kev coj ua, thiab cov xwm txheej. |
|
Kev siv hluav taws xob txhua xyoo (kWh) |
PEB 384,000 kWh |
PEB 230,400 kWh |
Muab xam raws li (Power kW) * (teev). |
|
Tus nqi zog (ntawm $ 0.12 / kWh) |
$46,080 |
$27,648 |
Qhia ncaj qha kev txuag nqi. |
|
Kev txuag hluav taws xob txhua xyoo |
- |
$18,432 |
40% txo cov teeb pom kev zoo siv hluav taws xob. |
Cov qauv yooj yim no tsis suav nrog kev txuag nyiaj ntxiv los ntawm cov nqi txo qis, uas yog cov nqi raws li lub zog siab tshaj plaws. LED systems, nrog rau lawv cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog tam sim no, ncaj qha txo qis lub ncov no, ua rau txo nqi hluav taws xob ntxiv.
3. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj teeb pom kev zoo thiab kev hloov kho
LED technologyyog inherently sib xws nrog digital tswj systems, xauv lub zog ntxiv -txuag cov tswv yim tsis ua tau nrog hlau halide teeb. Cov kev tswj hwm no hloov teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis dynamic.
Programmable dimming tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm teeb tsa cov teeb pom kev sib txawv rau ntau yam dej num. Kev cob qhia tej zaum yuav tsuas yog 50-75% ntawm tag nrho cov game-level lux. Cov xwm txheej hauv zej zog yuav xav tau tsawg dua. Qhov kev tswj granular no zam lub binary rau / tawm lub xeev ntawm cov txheej txheem qub, tsim kom muaj kev txuag nyiaj ntau. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev teem caij ua kom lub teeb tsis raug tso rau sab nraud lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
Qee lub tshuab ua haujlwm siab dhau los ua ke nrog cov khoom siv tshaj tawm lossis siv cov duab thaij duab los ua qhov tiag - hloov sijhawm. Lub teeb tuaj yeem dim thaum nruab hnub nrog lub teeb pom kev txaus lossis tsom tshwj xeeb rau thaj chaw uas siv tsis yog - kis las kis las, tiv thaiv lub zog pov tseg thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw.
4. Ntev-Lub Sijhawm Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Kho Tus Nqi Them Nqi Ua Haujlwm
Lub zog-txuag kom zoo dua ntawm ib qhoLED qhov systemtsis zoo li qub; Nws yog khaws cia nyob rau lub sijhawm vim kev saib xyuas zoo dua lumen. Txhua qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo li lumen depreciation, maj mam poob ntawm lub teeb tso zis. High- LED fixtures zoo yog ntsuas los tswj ntau tshaj 90% ntawm lawv cov zis thawj zaug (L90) rau 50,000 teev lossis ntau dua. Qhov sib txheeb xim kub (CCT) kuj tseem nyob ruaj khov.
Hlau halide teeb raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev poob qis sai, feem ntau poob 30-40% ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim tawm thawj zaug hauv thawj 40% ntawm lawv lub neej luv dua (feem ntau yog 5,000-15,000 teev). Txhawm rau them nyiaj thiab tswj cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo, cov chaw siv feem ntau dhau lub teeb pib lossis hloov cov teeb ua ntej, ob qho tib si uas ua kom muaj zog siv tau zoo. Cov zis ruaj khov ntawm LEDs ua kom lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau ntau xyoo, tsis muaj cov nqi hluav taws xob zais.
Txo kev txij nkawm ncaj qha txo qis zog -cov nqi ua haujlwm ntsig txog. Kev hloov lub teeb tsawg dua txhais tau hais tias kev siv roj tsawg dua rau kev siv tsheb thauj mus los thiab cov sij hawm ua haujlwm qis dua siv rau kev hloov kho, uas nws tus kheej siv lub zog ntawm lub koom haum.
5. Xam xam qhov project-Kev txuag nyiaj tshwj xeeb thiab rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev
Cov neeg saib xyuas chaw yuav tsum ntsuas cov nyiaj khaws cia raws li lawv cov kev txwv tshwj xeeb. Cov qauv hauv qab no qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab kev suav.
Table 2: Inputs rau Customized LED Energy Savings Analysis
|
Qeb Input |
Yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb |
Qhov chaw |
|---|---|---|
|
Tam sim no System Baseline |
Fixture type, kom muaj nuj nqis, tus kheej wattage, ballast poob yam (yog tias tsim nyog), cov sij hawm ua haujlwm txhua xyoo. |
Cov ntaub ntawv kho vaj tse, cov nqi hluav taws xob. |
|
Tswv yim LED System |
Tag nrho cov kev sib txuas load (kW), qhov projected illuminance theem (lux / footcandles). |
Chaw tsim tshuaj paus specifications, photometric kawm. |
|
Nyiaj txiag Parameters |
Tus nqi hluav taws xob hauv zos ($ / kWh), cov nqi hluav taws xob xav tau tus nqi, kwv yees tus nqi hluav taws xob txhua xyoo nce ntxiv. |
Cov nqi hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob. |
|
Cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm |
Kev npaj tswj cov tswv yim (dimming lub sij hawm, zoning). |
Facility Event Calendar. |
Kev tsom xam yuav tsum npaj txhua xyoo kWh txuag nyiaj, txuag nqi txhua xyoo, thiab lub sijhawm them rov qab yooj yim. Lub neej ua tiav-kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi voj voog (LCCA) kuj tseem yuav ua rau zam tsis tau cov nqi kho thiab lub neej ntev dua ntawmLED teeb pom kev zoo,nthuav qhia daim duab nyiaj txiag ntau dua li kev txuag hluav taws xob ib leeg.
6. Hais txog tej kev nyuaj rau kev siv
Pom tau tus nqi pib siab heev.Kev nqis peev ua ntej rau ib qhoLED qhov systemtshaj qhov zoo li-rau-zoo li hlau halide hloov. Kev daws: Kev ntsuas nyiaj txiag yuav tsum ua raws li Tus Nqi Tag Nrho Cov Tswv Cuab (TCO). Cov kev xaiv nyiaj txiag, cov nqi hluav taws xob rov qab, thiab Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo (EPCs) tuaj yeem txo cov peev nyiaj pib. Cov nyiaj rov qab los ntawm kev nqis peev yog tsav los ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub zog thiab kev txuag nyiaj tau hais meej hauv ntu 2 thiab 4.
Xyuas kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua raws cai.Muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog seb LED puas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov teeb pom kev zoo ntsug thiab cov qauv kev sib xws rau siab -txhais TV (HDTV) tshaj tawm. Kev daws: Kev tsom xam cov duab thaij duab los ntawm tus tsim teeb pom kev zoo tsim nyog tsis yog -xav tau. Lub computer simulation no siv fixture -IES cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb los ua qauv teeb pom kev zoo, ua pov thawj ua raws li cov qauv xws li IES RP-6 lossis EN 12193 ua ntej kev teeb tsa.
Glossary of Terms
Luminous Efficiency:Qhov piv ntawm luminous flux (lumens) tawm mus rau lub zog (watts) siv los ntawm lub teeb ci. Unit: lm/W.
Lumen Maintenance (Lx):Ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov teeb pom kev zoo npaum li cas tswj nws lub teeb tawm lub sijhawm. L90> 50,000 teev txhais tau hais tias lub fixture yuav tsis poob qis dua 90% ntawm nws thawj lumens rau yam tsawg 50,000 teev.
Demand Charge:Tus nqi them los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob (qhov xav tau siab tshaj plaws, ntsuas hauv kW) thaum lub sijhawm them nqi.
Kev tshawb fawb Photometric:Lub khoos phis tawj-raws li kev teeb pom kev zoo simulation uas kwv yees cov theem teeb pom kev zoo, qhov sib xws, thiab qhov ntsuas qhov ci ntsa iab rau qhov kev teeb tsa thiab lub hom phiaj.
Correlated Xim Kub (CCT):Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov xim zoo li lub teeb tawm los ntawm qhov chaw, ntsuas hauv Kelvins (K). Cov teeb pom kev hauv chaw ntau pob feem ntau siv 4000K-5700K.
Cov ntawv nyeem thiab nyeem ntxiv
Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). * RP-6-20: Kev Ua Si thiab Chaw Ua Si Chaw Ua Si *. New York: IES, 2020. https://www.ies.org/standards/
US Department of Energy.Kev txuag hluav taws xob kev kwv yees ntawm cov khoom khov- Lub Xeev Teeb pom kev zoo hauv cov ntawv thov teeb pom kev dav dav. Lub Ib Hlis 2022. https://www.energy.gov/eere/ssl/ssl-forecast-reports
National Lighting Bureau (NLB).Lub neej voj voog ntsuas tus nqi rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. https://www.nlb.org/
DesignLights Consortium (DLC).Cov Khoom Muag Tsim Nyog (QPL) rau Networked Lighting Controls. https://www.designlights.org/qpl
