Raws li lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tshiab, kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog lithium roj teeb
Nyob rau hauv 2018, lub teb ntawm lub zog tshiab tsheb yog tag nrho ntawm cov hmoov phom, thiab lub roj teeb ntev ntev tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm hnyav rau ntau lub tuam txhab tsheb sib tw rau kev lag luam hauv tsev. Cov tuam txhab tsheb loj tau nyiam ntau dua thiab siab dua - cov neeg siv khoom kawg nrog cov qauv tshiab nrog ultra- roj teeb lub neej ntev. Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis, Denza 500 tau tshaj tawm; Thaum kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis, Geely tau tshaj tawm tus qauv tshiab Emgrand EV450; Thaum pib lub Plaub Hlis, BYD tau nthuav tawm peb tus qauv tshiab, Qin EV450, e5450 thiab Song EV400, nrog lub roj teeb lub neej ntev tshaj 400 mais.
Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev pom zoo, lub roj teeb fais fab yog lub hauv paus thiab tus yuam sij rau kev txiav txim siab ultra- roj teeb lub neej ntev ntawm lub tsheb fais fab. Ua ob txoj kev them nyiaj ntawm AC qeeb them thiab DC them ceev ceev raws li piv txwv, txoj kev siv kom raug thiab tsim nyog tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog ua kom lub zog ntawm lub zog ntawm lub roj teeb, tab sis kuj ua rau lub neej ntev ntawm lub roj teeb. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev paub nrov, raws li qhov tam sim no lub zog ceev thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom cov neeg siv khoom nkag siab txog kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam khoom siv roj teeb ntawm kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm, yog li txhawm rau txhim kho kev siv tus cwj pwm kom raug thiab ua kom lub zog ntev Lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub roj teeb ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm - roj teeb lub neej ntawm lub tsheb fais fab.
Them thiab tawm electrons khiav tawm ib leeg
Tam sim no, muaj ob hom roj teeb uas nrov siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsheb loj hluav taws xob, ib qho yog lithium hlau phosphate roj teeb, thiab lwm yam yog ternary lithium roj teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntawm lub roj teeb nws yog, cov txheej txheem them nyiaj tuaj yeem faib ua plaub theem hauv qab no, uas yog lub sijhawm them tam sim no, lub sijhawm them hluav taws xob tas li, theem them tag nrho, thiab lub sijhawm them nyiaj ntab.
Hauv lub sijhawm them tam sim no tsis tu ncua, cov nqi them tam sim no tau tas li, lub peev xwm them tau nce sai, thiab lub roj teeb voltage kuj nce ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tu ncua voltage them theem, raws li lub npe implies, lub them voltage yuav nyob twj ywm. Txawm hais tias lub peev xwm them yuav nce ntxiv, lub roj teeb hluav taws xob yuav nce qeeb thiab cov nqi them tam sim no kuj yuav txo. Thaum lub roj teeb tau them tag nrho, cov nqi them tam sim no poob qis hauv qab lub ntab hloov tam sim no, thiab lub charger charging voltage poob mus rau qhov ntab voltage. Thaum lub sij hawm float charging theem, lub charger voltage yuav nyob twj ywm ntawm qhov ntab voltage.
The charging and discharging process of lithium ion batteries is the process of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. In the process of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, it is accompanied by the intercalation and deintercalation of electrons equivalent to lithium ions (usually the positive electrode is represented by intercalation or deintercalation, and the negative electrode is represented by intercalation or deintercalation). During the entire charging process, the electrons on the positive electrode will run to the negative electrode through the external circuit, and the positive lithium ions Li plus will pass from the positive electrode through the electrolyte, through the diaphragm material, and finally reach the negative electrode, where they stay and combine with the "resident" electrons Together, it is reduced to Li embedded in the carbon material of the negative electrode. The data shows that the carbon as the negative electrode has a layered structure, and it has many micropores. The lithium ions reaching the negative electrode are embedded in the micropores of the carbon layer. The more lithium ions are embedded, the higher the charging capacity.
On the contrary, when the battery is discharged (that is, the process of using the battery), the Li embedded in the negative electrode carbon material loses electrons, the electrons on the negative electrode "moves" to the positive electrode through the external circuit, and the positive lithium ion Li plus crosses the electrolyte from the negative electrode, It crosses the separator material, reaches the positive electrode, and combines with the "resident" electron electrons. Likewise, the more lithium ions returned to the positive electrode, the higher the capacity of the discharge.
Plaub cov ntaub ntawv los xyuas kom meej efficiency
Lub luag haujlwm dab tsi ua rau ntau yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb (xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo, cov khoom siv tsis zoo electrode, diaphragms, electrolytes, thiab lwm yam) ua si hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev them nyiaj thiab tso tawm cov roj teeb hluav taws xob?
Thawj yog cov khoom siv electrode zoo. Raws li qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv electrode muaj kev txhawj xeeb, cov khoom siv feem ntau yog lithium manganate lossis lithium cobaltate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom tseem ceeb feem ntau siv lithium hlau phosphate.
Qhov thib ob yog cov khoom siv tsis zoo electrode. Cov khoom siv electrode tsis zoo yog kwv yees muab faib ua carbon tsis zoo electrode, tin{0}}raws li tsis zoo electrode, lithium hloov hlau nitride tsis zoo electrode, alloy tsis zoo electrode, nano{1}} nplai tsis zoo electrode, thiab nano{2}} cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawm lawv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo siv hauv lithium- ion roj teeb yog cov khoom siv carbon, xws li cov graphite, ntuj graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, roj av coke, carbon fiber, pyrolysis resin carbon, thiab lwm yam. nano- cov ntaub ntawv oxide muaj kev txhawj xeeb, nws tau tshaj tawm tias raws li kev lag luam tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam lithium roj teeb tshiab kev lag luam hauv xyoo 2009, qee lub tuam txhab tau pib siv nano-titanium oxide thiab nano{{7 }} silicon oxide ntxiv cov tsoos graphite, tin oxide thiab carbon nanotubes. , zoo heev txhim kho tus nqi- paug tawm thiab tus naj npawb ntawm tus nqi- tawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov roj teeb lithium.
Qhov thib peb yog cov tshuaj electrolyte, feem ntau yog lithium ntsev, xws li lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), thiab lwm yam. Txij li thaum lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb muaj ntau dua li qhov decomposition voltage ntawm dej, cov kuab tshuaj organic feem ntau yog siv hauv lithium - ion roj teeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kuab tshuaj organic feem ntau rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm graphite thaum them nyiaj, ua rau nws tev tawm thiab tsim cov khoom siv electrolyte ntawm nws qhov chaw, ua rau electrode passivation. . Nws kuj tseem yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb xws li nplaim taws thiab tawg.
Qhov thib plaub yog qhov sib cais. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm lub roj teeb, qhov zoo ntawm lub separator kev ua tau zoo txiav txim lub interface qauv thiab sab hauv tsis kam ntawm lub roj teeb, uas nyob rau hauv lem muaj feem xyuam rau lub roj teeb muaj peev xwm, lub voj voog kev ua tau zoo, them nqi thiab tawm tam sim no ceev thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb yam ntxwv. Feem ntau hais lus, muaj ntau hom kev sib cais, xws li ib qho - txheej thiab ntau - txheej cais. Nws tau nkag siab tias qee lub tuam txhab hauv tsev yuav xaiv cov diaphragms tuab me ntsis, thiab qee lub tuam txhab siv diaphragms nrog lub thickness ntawm 31 txheej. Vim tias qhov kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm diaphragm ntau lawm, tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lithium hauv tsev -ion roj teeb diaphragm tshuab thiab txawv teb chaws.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, lub diaphragm yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tsim polymer zaj duab xis nrog ib tug microporous qauv. Tom qab nqus cov electrolyte, nws tuaj yeem cais qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo electrodes los tiv thaiv luv luv Circuit Court. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muab cov channel microporous rau lithium{0}}ion roj teeb kom paub txog kev them nqi thiab kev tso tawm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus nqi, thiab paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lithium ions. Thaum lub roj teeb yog overcharged los yog qhov kub thiab txias hloov heev, lub separator blocks tam sim no conduction los ntawm kaw qhov pores los tiv thaiv tawg.
