Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb FawbKev poob qis txhua xyoo hauv cov nqi LED
1. Taw qhia
LED (Lub Teeb Emitting Diode) thev naus laus zis tau txhim kho sai txij li nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1960, hloov pauv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj mus rau kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo LED tau pom kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb sai, thaum lawv cov nqi tau qhia txog qhov kev poob qis. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm no yog txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav cov laj thawj tseem ceeb tom qab qhov kev poob qis hauv LED cov nqi, tshuaj xyuas yam xws li kev nce qib hauv kev lag luam, kev sib tw ua lag luam, kev lag luam ntawm nplai, kev cuam tshuam txoj cai, thiab yav tom ntej tiam sis hauv kev lag luam LED.
2. Cov tsav tsheb tseem ceeb ntawm LED txo nqi
2.1 Kev Txhim Kho Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
(1) Ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm LED Chips
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm LEDs yog cov semiconductor nti, uas nws qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ( ntsuas hauv lm / W) ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov khoom lag luam thiab cov nqi. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev ua tau zoo ntawm LED chips tau txhim kho zoo:
Thaum ntxov LEDs (2000s):Kev ua tau zoo ntawm ~ 30-50 lm / W, nrog cov nqi siab.
2020s:Kev lag luam LEDs tam sim no ua tiav 150-200 lm / W, nrog rau kev kuaj ntsuas ntau tshaj 300 lm / W.
Kev ua tau zoo dua txhais tau tias tsawg dua chips xav tau rau tib lub ci ci, txo cov nqi khoom siv.
(2) Kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom
Txhim kho Epitaxial Growth Technology:Txhim kho MOCVD (Hlau-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) cov cuab yeej ua kom cov wafer tawm los ntawm kev tsim khoom, txo cov nqi tsev.
Me Chip Loj:Nrov nrov ntawm cov chips compact (piv txwv li, 2835, 4014) txo cov khoom siv raw (xws li, sapphire substrates, phosphors).
Higher Yield Rate:Kev tsim tawm thaum ntxov tau qis dua 70%, thaum cov kab ntau lawm niaj hnub ua tiav ntau dua 95%, txo cov khoom pov tseg.
(3) Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv ntim tshuab
COB (Chip on Board) & CSP (Chip Scale Package):Txo cov nqi ntim khoom.
Hlau - Ntim Dawb:Flip-Chip technology tshem tawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau hlau, txo kev cia siab rau cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig.
2.2 Economies ntawm Scale thiab Mature Supply Chains
(1) Kev nthuav dav thoob ntiaj teb
Tuam Tshoj tau dhau los ua lub chaw tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb rau LEDs, suav txog ntau dua 70% ntawm cov khoom ntim thoob ntiaj teb LED (ib cov ntaub ntawv TrendForce). Kev tsim khoom loj nthuav tawm cov nqi tas li (piv txwv li, cov khoom siv poob qis, R & D kev nqis peev).
Piv txwv:Cov tuam txhab xws li San'an Optoelectronics thiab HC Semitek tau txo cov nqi nti los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntau lawm.
(2) Cov Nqi Qis Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Raw Material Nqe poob:Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb xws li sapphire substrates, phosphors, thiab tsav tsheb ICs tau pheej yig dua vim muaj cov khoom txaus.
Vertical Integration:Cov tuam txhab xws li MLS Co. txais yuav kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv tag nrho (los ntawm cov chips mus rau cov khoom sib txuas), txo cov khoom nruab nrab.
2.3 Intensified Market Competition
(1) Nqe Wars
Saturated Low-End Market:Cov tuam txhab lag luam me thiab nruab nrab sib tw ntawm - cov tswv yim nqi qis, yuam kev lag luam - txo tus nqi dav.
Localization ntawm International Brands:Cov tuam txhab xws li Philips thiab Osram tsim kev tsim khoom hauv Suav teb kom txo cov nqi.
(2) Kev sib tw homogenized
Cov khoom lag luam txheem (piv txwv li, 2835 LEDs) txo qis kev cuam tshuam, nyiam cov neeg tuaj tshiab thiab ntxiv cov nyiaj tau los ntxiv.
2.4 Txoj Cai thiab Tus Txheej Txheem Tsav Tsheb
(1) Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Subsidies thiab Industrial Policy
Tuam Tshoj tus "13th & 14th Tsib- Xyoo Kev Npaj" txhawb nqa kev txhim kho LED (piv txwv li, MOCVD cov khoom siv nyiaj pab), ua kom muaj peev xwm ntau lawm.
Cov cai hauv EU thiab Asmeskas (xws li, incandescent teeb txwv) boost LED xav tau, tsav kev lag luam ntawm nplai.
(2) Cov qauv siv hluav taws xob siab dua
Cov ntawv pov thawj zoo li Lub Hnub Qub Zog thiab DLC txoj cai tau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, thawb cov tuam txhab ua kom zoo dua qub thiab txo cov nqi.
2.5 Lwm yam khoom siv thiab cov qauv tsim tshiab
Silicon-Raws li LEDs:Hloov sapphire substrates kom txo tus nqi (xws li Lattice Power's silicon-raws li LED tech).
Driverless Designs:High-voltage LED chips txo cov nqi hluav taws xob.
3. Yav tom ntej Trends and Challenges
3.1 Kev txwv rau tus nqi poob qis
Khoom siv tus nqi Rigidity:Nqe volatility ntawm phosphors (tsis tshua muaj -cov ntsiab lus hauv ntiaj teb) yuav txwv kev txo qis ntxiv.
Siab -Kev Ua Lag Luam Kawg:Daim ntawv thov niche (xws li UV LEDs, horticultural teeb pom kev zoo) tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus nqi hwm.
3.2 Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Tshiab
Micro / Mini LEDs:Tej zaum yuav hloov kho kev lag luam tab sis ntsib tus nqi pib siab.
Kev sib tw OLED:Ua rau muaj kev hem thawj hauv kev siv teeb pom kev zoo.
4. Cov lus xaus
Kev poob qis hauv LED cov nqi tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam ntawm nplai, kev sib tw ua lag luam, thiab kev txhawb nqa txoj cai. Raws li kev lag luam hloov mus rau qhov siab - kawg thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo teeb pom kev zoo, cov nqi txo qis yuav qeeb, tab sis kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho tus nqi.
