10 npaug zog dua lithium roj teeb? Porsche txhim kho silicon anode roj teeb thiab npaj kom loj - tsim nws nyob rau hauv 5 xyoos
Spain's "Public" daily website recently reported that battery production is an important source of carbon emissions in the manufacturing process of electric vehicles, accounting for 25 percent to 40 percent of total emissions. More and more manufacturers are working to reduce emissions in this area, but Porsche wants to go further. The company is developing a battery with better performance and a smaller carbon footprint. Is this a perfect battery?
Porsche yuav nqis peev ib ncig ntawm 1 billion euros nyob rau 10 xyoo tom ntej hauv ntau yam kev ntsuas decarbonization, suav nrog txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide emissions los ntawm nws cov nroj tsuag sib dhos, tsab ntawv ceeb toom tau hais. Kev tsim khoom ntawm Porsche Taycan ntawm Zuffenhausen (hauv Stuttgart, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) yog cov pa roj carbon nruab nrab txij thaum pib, tab sis kev tsim lub tsheb ntau dua li kev sib sau tag nrho cov khoom ntawm cov kab ntau lawm.
Cov roj teeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov emissions hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob tsheb. Hauv qhov txuas no, ntau cov kauj ruam ntau lawm ntawm kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv raw xws li npib tsib xee thiab cobalt rau hauv cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov roj teeb siv lub zog loj.
In a recent press conference, Benjamin Pasenberg, head of high-voltage systems at Porsche, said: "Having green energy is very important, especially in battery production, where it takes a lot of energy to heat things." However, using only Green (or low-emissions) energy sources to make batteries are not enough for Porsche (or other manufacturers) to meet their emissions targets. There is also a need to reimagine the battery itself to reduce the pollution that arises from battery manufacturing practices.
Txog qhov kawg, Porsche tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm lub roj teeb tshiab. Lub roj teeb tau hais tias muaj zog dua, them sai dua, thiab muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg dua li cov roj teeb tam sim no. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm yog siv ntau silicon nyob rau hauv lub anode ntawm lub roj teeb, tsis yog cov graphite feem ntau siv niaj hnub no.
According to Otmar Beecher, head of electric vehicles at Porsche, silicon anodes are 10 times more energy dense. Porsche expects 20 to 25 percent more watt-hours per liter of volume than today's conventional lithium-ion batteries. That is to say, under a certain energy capacity, the battery volume is smaller. The improved energy efficiency of batteries, in turn, means fewer batteries are needed to power the vehicle, which reduces overall weight (and also reduces the space required for the batteries).
Tsawg lub tsheb hnyav kuj txhais tau tias siv roj teeb tsawg dua, tab sis qhov twg yog qhov zoo rau ib puag ncig? Ua ntej, tus tsim ntawm lub xovtooj tshiab no txo cov khoom siv rau cov qauv txhuas ntawm tes (tsev) piv rau cylindrical cell designs. Kev tsim cov txhuas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov pa roj carbon emissions rau tsheb. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tsis ntev los no los ntawm Volvo, txhuas nyiaj rau 30 feem pua ntawm cov emissions uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv tsheb niaj hnub, txawm tias ntau dua li lub roj teeb nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, txo cov kev siv ntawm txhuas kuj txo ib feem ntawm cov emissions. Thaum tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tau tshaj tawm, Porsche tau hais tias lub roj teeb kuj tseem yuav them sai dua.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov ntsiab lus cobalt ntawm cov roj teeb zoo li no yuav raug txo. Tam sim no nws paub tias cobalt yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais, kim heev, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau ib puag ncig. Cobalt tam sim no ua rau 20 feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv roj teeb Taycan cathode, thiab Porsche vam tias nws cov thev naus laus zis tshiab yuav txo cov cobalt sib faib rau 5 txog 10 feem pua.
To further reduce emissions, Porsche will focus on the supply chain. The German company will source cobalt, nickel and other raw materials as much as possible from Europe, so that it will be closer to where the new batteries will be produced, near Porsche's research and development center in Weissach. According to the relevant person in charge of Porsche, purchasing cathode materials from Schwarzheide, Germany instead of my country can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 25 percent .
In addition, Porsche is pushing its suppliers to make batteries and other components entirely from renewable energy. The German carmaker said it would no longer consider long-term contracts with suppliers who were unwilling to use certified "green" energy. Porsche says the supply chain accounts for about 20 percent of the automaker's total greenhouse gas emissions. That will rise to around 40 percent by 2030 as production shifts to electric vehicles.
The big question is, when will we see this "ideal" Porsche battery in a road car? Like many other technologies in the automotive sector, it will be used first in racing cars, where high performance and fast charging capabilities are paramount. Otmar Beecher said: "Typically, we are 2 to 3 years away from the transition to production cars. So we will see it in production cars after 2025." Porsche expects to commercialize the high-performance battery within five years.
Hais txog kev tsim khoom, lub hom phiaj yog kom ua tiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txhua xyoo tso zis ntawm 100 MWh, txaus rau lub zog ntawm 1,000 tsheb. Qhov no ua rau peb ntseeg tias nws yuav pib tsuas yog rau qee qhov tsis yog - qauv tsim, tej zaum qee qhov siab heev -kev ua tau zoo supercar.
Of course, it's not a perfect battery. The perfect battery charges in seconds, doesn't overheat or lose capacity over time, and is lightweight and inexpensive to produce. We'll probably never see a battery with all these features in one, but in the short to medium term, Porsche's battery is getting pretty close to -- at least in theory -- the ideal battery. (compiled / Li Zijian)
